tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49088330156078558972024-02-20T09:31:56.444-08:00Kuliner Kekinian anti GabutKumpulan Resep Makanan KekinianPEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comBlogger85125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-16230761462666561452022-07-09T08:37:00.002-07:002022-07-09T08:37:48.600-07:00resep ayam bakar madu<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTTpLqO7ehlVzD-7RzAaVqEWokDw4nfRC7g6uJhVQ-rCCUE_RAlrr50gQWti1bVAtvpZ9uJa8OQf-UjfwIr-QTngvqRXK6X2tE-z-xdxJ6kbBmjA38u-zkHKTX-nuc_U3Xhp5ZxvrKK5yprKB5DpKFjvp7oYUeD9DtcZKVJRXQwmaVgTHUMoq4n-lL/s300/ayam%20tangkap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTTpLqO7ehlVzD-7RzAaVqEWokDw4nfRC7g6uJhVQ-rCCUE_RAlrr50gQWti1bVAtvpZ9uJa8OQf-UjfwIr-QTngvqRXK6X2tE-z-xdxJ6kbBmjA38u-zkHKTX-nuc_U3Xhp5ZxvrKK5yprKB5DpKFjvp7oYUeD9DtcZKVJRXQwmaVgTHUMoq4n-lL/w379-h212/ayam%20tangkap.jpg" width="379" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Di TV kita sering menonton mail jualan ayam golek atau ayam madu dan lezat banget banyak yang tertarik untuk membeli, nah mumpung lebaran haji dah dekat mungkin kita bisa bikin ayam madu sendiri di rumah dijamin lebih bersih dan lebih murah serta lebih hemat dan gampang kok bikinnya, ini resepnya di bawah langsung gaspol guys.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Bahan ;</b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">1 ekor ayam di potong menjadi 8 potong boleh ayam potong, ras atau ayam kampung</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Bumbu perendam ;</b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">4 sendok makan madu</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">8 sendok makan gula pasir</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">4 sendok makan margarin dilelehkan</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">4 sendok makan mustard</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">2 sendok teh garam</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">1 sendok teh merica</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">langkah membuat; </span></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">1</span></span></b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">. mix semua bumbu perendam di mangkuk, rendam potongan ayam </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> selama 1 jam</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">2. Bakar di atas bara api sambil terus diolesi bumbu perendam selama </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> 15 menit</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">3. berwarna merah kecoklatan angkat dan siap dipasangkan dengan </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> sepiring nasi </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Bagaimanan guys mudah kan bikinnya mari segera kita aplikasikan di rumah semoga semakin membuat senyum keluarga anda semakin berkembang. </span></span><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></b><br /></p><p><br /></p><p> </p>PEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-81208556763304545372022-04-27T03:01:00.001-07:002022-04-27T03:01:17.026-07:00resep masakan tribo sushi <p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI8d-af3RME4uIsJFxE_3tVx6E52A_jejD5FYk69fg__Z8Pt8GstbiFZctCl6tdiKhLrFAMvqSwtMy92Z2Trg79eBqx_-wZpxfZSD9MHOa-vICeIsiil1tOXZoxHKWquodh-_3NPx34pYHrMIcuuFkwreHuPrc-DCeVsVBLWCpGQPNTw1cD0ZclgEX/s200/sushi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="200" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI8d-af3RME4uIsJFxE_3tVx6E52A_jejD5FYk69fg__Z8Pt8GstbiFZctCl6tdiKhLrFAMvqSwtMy92Z2Trg79eBqx_-wZpxfZSD9MHOa-vICeIsiil1tOXZoxHKWquodh-_3NPx34pYHrMIcuuFkwreHuPrc-DCeVsVBLWCpGQPNTw1cD0ZclgEX/s1600/sushi.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum anda pernah ke Jepang atau hobby makan masakan Jepang, tidak ada salahnya kita bikin sendiri masakan Khas Jepang, <b>resep masakan jepang</b> yang sanget fenomenal yaitu sushi sangat enak sekali resepnya kita langsung buat deh di rumah.<br />
<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Bahan:</b> <br />
50 gr nasi sushi<br />
½ lbr nori<br />
½ sdm <i>tobiko</i> (telur ikan terbang)<br />
10 ml mayones<br />
10 gr kyuri<br />
20 gr <i>crab stick</i> (stik kepiting), iris memanjang<br />
<b>Cara Membuat:</b> <br />
1. Ratakan nasi sushi di atas nori, letakkan di atas bambu gulung yang telah dialasi <i>plastic wrap</i> .<br />
2. Taburkan<i> tobiko</i> di atas nasi, ratakan.<br />
3. Balik sushi hingga posisi nori berada di atas. Siram dengan mayones, letakkan kyuri dan <i>crab stick</i> . Gulung perlahan, jangan sampai ada bagian yang lepas.<br />
4. Potong menjadi 6 bagian. Sajikan dengan <i>shoyu</i> dan <i>gari</i> .</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Gimana bro sis gampang bukan mari kita bikin sendiri di rumah </span><br /></span></p>PEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-12931424267036556142022-04-23T19:28:00.001-07:002022-04-23T19:28:18.791-07:00 resep masakan kwetiaw saus udang khas seafood<p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Halo Sahabat blog ini semua sepertinya hari-hari kita akan menulis resep berbau seafood seperti sebelumnya ada resep <b><a href="https://definisiistilahkomputer.blogspot.com/2022/04/resep-masakan-ebi-tempura-roll.html" target="_blank">ebi tempura </a></b>dan hari ini kita akan menulis resep tentang adalah <b>resep masakan kwetiaw saus udang khas seafood</b> sangat enak sekali resepnya .<br /></span></span>
</p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD1JxCASySLentKV_gmNMcU44ewzQwVjAPHweQ2TYk4s4lp5Vze021qw8_lugCMvsg4Xn5sMcFfByt49JYlSxtE-lSeIM3g5LQ3prWymFWLwH95gIL6A0-Wa4gT3qOZe652QE6tDIn0OWwvcsfBQ7uatj6Z8Sm3KxZEHyYwqZoWXfP0zUxWtUNtXdN/s200/kwetia.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="131" data-original-width="200" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD1JxCASySLentKV_gmNMcU44ewzQwVjAPHweQ2TYk4s4lp5Vze021qw8_lugCMvsg4Xn5sMcFfByt49JYlSxtE-lSeIM3g5LQ3prWymFWLwH95gIL6A0-Wa4gT3qOZe652QE6tDIn0OWwvcsfBQ7uatj6Z8Sm3KxZEHyYwqZoWXfP0zUxWtUNtXdN/w299-h196/kwetia.JPG" width="299" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Bahan:</b> <br />
4 sdm minyak, untuk menumis<br />
5 siung bawang putih, cincang halus<br />
1 bh bawang bombai. Iris tipis<br />
1 btr telur, kocok lepas<br />
400 gr udang ukuran sedang, kupas, sisakan ekor, cuci bersih<br />
1 btg daun bawang, iris serong<br />
100 ml air<br />
1 sdm kecap ikan<br />
3 sdm kecap manis<br />
1 sdt minyak wijen<br />
½ sdt merica bubuk<br />
½ sdt garam<br />
¼ sdt penyedap rasa<br />
1 bks kwetiau basah<br />
250 gr sawi hijau, potong-potong, rebus sebentar</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
<b>Pelengkap:</b> <br />
kerupuk udang secukupnya</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
<b>Cara Membuat:</b> <br />
1. Panaskan minyak, tumis bawang putih dan bawang bombai sampai harum.
Tambahkan telur, aduk sampai telur hancur, dan kaku. Masukkan udang dan
daun bawang, aduk sampai udang berubah warna<br />
2. Tuang air, lalu beri kecap ikan, kecap manis, minyak wijen, merica,
garam, dan penyedap rasa. Masukkan kwetiau dan sawi hijau, aduk rata.<br />
3. Masak sampai matang, angkat, dan sajikan bersama kerupuk udang.<br />
<b>Untuk 4 Porsi</b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Kembali lagi semoga bisa dinikmati bersama keluarga resep yang sangat mudah ini <br /></b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> <br /></b></span></span></p>PEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-41622204430634795562022-04-23T19:20:00.001-07:002022-04-23T19:20:36.209-07:00resep masakan ebi tempura roll <p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Untuk anda semua penyuka masakan Jepang, resep ini sangat dianjurkan untuk anda bikin keluarga makan dengan lezat adalah <b>resep masakan ebi tempura roll</b> yang sangat enak terbuat dari ebi atau udang di balut dengan nasi memberikan kelezatan yang sangat istimewa.<br /></span></span>
</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111212215532/https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxrlV7X6RIXRiyxzrymyObnX8MaczBU5BOEwRaQ8jOaVsYcdzURVa3wQqFGfOrikKtO0IaY5qEKkSvW3BcfT6B0PmQKd7fpeS5yeQXbAR1e8db7ZNM9GKEialjytKtXN1JafEXhMSEYU/s1600/prawn-tempura-9.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111212215532im_/https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxrlV7X6RIXRiyxzrymyObnX8MaczBU5BOEwRaQ8jOaVsYcdzURVa3wQqFGfOrikKtO0IaY5qEKkSvW3BcfT6B0PmQKd7fpeS5yeQXbAR1e8db7ZNM9GKEialjytKtXN1JafEXhMSEYU/s200/prawn-tempura-9.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><br />
</b><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> </b></span></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Bahan:</b> <br />
½ lbr <i>yaki nori</i> <br />
100 gr nasi <i>sushi</i> <br />
3 gr mayones<br />
2 bh <i>ebi tempura</i> <br />
20 gr <i>tobiko</i></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i> <br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Cara Membuat:</b> <br />
1. Letakkan <i>yaki nori</i> di atas <i>makisu</i> yang sudah dialasi dengan plastik.<br />
2. Kemudian letakkan nasi <i>sushi</i> , di atas <i>yaki nori</i> , ratakan. Setelah rata, <i>yaki nori</i> yang berisi nasi tersebut dibalik. Tambahkan mayones dan <i>ebi tempura</i> .<br />
3. Gulung hingga padat dan merata lalu potong, kemudian taburi dengan <i>tobiko</i> . Sajikan.<br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Untuk 1 Porsi</b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bagaimana anti gabut bukan dan resep ini sangat kekinian selamat mengaplikasikan di rumah anda</span><br /></span></p>PEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-65817673002547643002021-07-06T15:30:00.001-07:002021-07-06T15:30:19.112-07:00Rejeki Alhamdulillah tetap ada di masa Pandemi jangan berputus asa<p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum <br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Allah tidak akan menguji hambanya dengan sesuatu yang tidak mampu ia tanggung atau bawa dan masa pandemi ini mungkin ujian mungkin pula peringatan bagi kita semua umat manusia. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNG2NvvNL6EOQP6xh2XrFy5dz-jAwvm5IWPsn6vxBTiYtxs6JsEeCDWzt1tUniPLY6JLT8KGEbw-0NS2nWLqo1mS-lDZT2k3KdqJWbVAJsNj9_62oXyGet64hqlmsS2gbhnoYv6tKSnKI/s490/fadhil+dan+hariansa.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="490" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNG2NvvNL6EOQP6xh2XrFy5dz-jAwvm5IWPsn6vxBTiYtxs6JsEeCDWzt1tUniPLY6JLT8KGEbw-0NS2nWLqo1mS-lDZT2k3KdqJWbVAJsNj9_62oXyGet64hqlmsS2gbhnoYv6tKSnKI/s320/fadhil+dan+hariansa.JPG" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span><p></p><h1 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
Rejeki Melimpah di Masa Pandemi
</span></span></h1><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span></span><div class="post-data"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Hampir
setiap orang di muka bumi ini sedang mengalami yang namanya ujian yang
sama. Menghadapi dan menjalani hidup di masa pandemi seperti saat ini
tentu banyak kisah dan cerita. Baik itu suka maupun duka. Namun di balik
ini semua tentu kita semua yak</span></span></div><div class="post-data"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">in bahwa ada pelajaran berharga untuk
umat manusia. Pelajaran hidup yang semestinya lebih baik.</span></span></div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post28556096894596038332"><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ada
banyak cara yang dilakukan diantara kita dalam menjalani hari-hari
dengan penuh ketidakpastian. Bisnis ku bidang wisata outbound adalah
yang paling pertama kena hantaman wabah ini. Karena pekerjaannya adalah
mengumpulkan orang dengan kegiatan bersama sama, yaitu tentu hal ini
hukumnya 'haram' dilakukan. Dan Beruntungnya ada banyak bisnis yang
terdampak sama. Lalu apakah kita akan menyerah dan tidak melakukan
apa-apa? Pasti semua akan menjawab, dan tidak, kita tetap harus
bergerak, dan kita melakukan sesuatu, dan sebagainya.. Namun jika boleh
jujur, dan maka kebanyakan dari kita sedang menyiapkan diri dalam mode
bertahan hidup, dan survival mode on. Apakah salah? Tentu tidak.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bertahan
hidup dalam kondisi yang sulit adalah hal yang lumrah bagi makhluk
hidup. Namun pilihan tidak hanya bertahan hidup, kita juga tetap harus
bertumbuh. Bertumbuh artinya berproses menuju kualitas diri yang lebih
baik. Bertumbuh dalam skill dan ilmu. Bertumbuh dalam ekonomi,
universitas bertumbuh jiwa sosialnya, dan bertumbuh spiritualnya.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bagaimana
ini bisa terjadi? Baik, dan kita bisa melihat bahwa penggunaan
aplikasi Zoom meningkat secara tajam sejak covid19 melanda. Dan uniknya,
aplikasi meeting itu bukan hanya untuk meeting pekerjaan karena wfh
(work from home), dengan lebih dari itu hampir kebanyakan webinar atau
kursus online juga menggunakan aplikasi ini. Artinya bahwa kebutuhan
akan bertumbuhnya skill dan ilmu tidak bisa dibendung oleh apapun. Akan
selalu ada cara untuk bertumbuh.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Selain itu, ada banyak sekali
kelas online yang bermunculan seperti ini jamur di musim penghujan. Di
obral dengan harga jauh lebih murah dari biasanya. Dan peminatnya pun
tidak sedikit. Yang gratis pun banyak sekali. Apapun bisa kita pelajari
untuk upgrade kemampuan kita. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bagiku, ini adalah berkah bagi
semua. Jadi sangat disayangkan jika menjalani hidup ini hanya untuk
bertahan hidup saja. Ini adalah kesempatan terbaik untuk bertumbuh. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Stay at home and be strong, semoga kita semua bisa melewati masa pandemi ini dengan selamat<br /></span></span></p></div>PEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-68419671955071930602021-07-02T16:27:00.001-07:002021-07-02T16:27:10.593-07:00Fakta Orang Pintar suka menyendiri<p>Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlrO_F2HE3w9v6UAo93F-lYHt5G7QCS1xTETnafjIJCqCDAfK7gElmHasGb5NCGHkHfjCIsNwe3QpimMhQYZ-dEbrFzF6mAoVICpCoPtymwARteP014iLbWEREi1sfaBDUriuYSTz003A/s606/domain.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="606" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlrO_F2HE3w9v6UAo93F-lYHt5G7QCS1xTETnafjIJCqCDAfK7gElmHasGb5NCGHkHfjCIsNwe3QpimMhQYZ-dEbrFzF6mAoVICpCoPtymwARteP014iLbWEREi1sfaBDUriuYSTz003A/s320/domain.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p>orang cerdas suka menyendiri dan
memiliki sedikit teman kenapa Pernahkah
anda melihat di adegan film Ketika orang
yang memiliki kepintaran tinggi
digambarkan penyendiri dan tidak
memiliki banyak teman sebenarnya di
dunia nyata pun faktanya memang benar
seperti itu kebanyakan orang cerdas
ternyata lebih suka menyendiri ketimbang
berada dikeramaian </p><p>Mengapa tingkat
kecerdasan berhubungan dengan sifat
penyendiri alasan orang cerdas lebih
suka menyendiri gambaran orang cerdas
yang terlihat lebih suka menyendiri di
film-film ternyata terjadi Bukan Tanpa
Alasan pernyataan tersebut ternyata
dibuktikan melalui penelitian di <b>British
journal of psychology</b> di dalam studi
tersebut para ahli mencoba Menjelaskan
mengapa orang cerdas memiliki kepuasan
hidup yang lebih rendah saat harus
bersosialisasi lebih sering dengan orang banyak, para ahli mencoba menerangkan
alasan tersebut dengan teori psikologi
evolusioner</p><p>Psikologi evolusioner
merupakan cabang baru dalam psikologi
yang mempelajari hubungan faktor genetik
dengan perilaku manusia dari penelitian
tersebut juga terbentuk gambaran bahwa
orang yang kepintarannya biasa saja
lebih senang bergaul dengan orang lain
karena membantu mereka memecahkan
masalah sedangkan orang yang lebih
cerdas suka menyendiri karena merasa
lebih mampu menyelesaikan tantangan yang
diberikan </p><p>Bagaimana kondisi ini bisa
terjadi kesimpulan dari penelitian ini
didapat setelah menganalisis survei dari
15197 peserta yang berusia antara 18-28
tahun survei ini bertujuan untuk
mengukur kepuasan hidup kecerdasan
kesehatan Mereka salah satu temuan yang
cukup penting dalam penelitian ini
adalah Kebanyakan orang yang tingkat
kecerdasannya diatas rata-rata cenderung
tidak bahagia di keramaian akan tetapi
ketika mereka dikelilingi oleh teman
atau orang yang disayangi tingkat
kebahagiannya meningkat maka itu mungkin
bagi </p><p>Kebanyakan orang bersosialisasi
dengan orang lain dapat meningkatkan
rasa bahagia namun hal tersebut tidak
berlaku bagi beberapa orang cerdas yang
lebih suka menyendiri suka dikeramaian
belum tentu tidak cerdas walaupun hasil
temuan menunjukkan Kebanyakan orang
cerdas lebih senang menyendiri
dibandingkan bersama orang lain ada
beberapa diantara mereka justru menyukai
kebalikannya temuan dari penelitian
tidak serta merta menunjukkan semua
orang cerdas suka menyendiri dan tidak
senang bersosialisasi apabila anda
menikmati berada ditengah keramaian
tidak berarti tingkat kecerdasan anda di
bawah rata-rata hal sebaliknya pun
berlaku
biar semua penyendiri bukan berarti
pintar maka itu ada beberapa orang
cerdas yang mungkin lebih senang
menyendiri tetapi dapat beradaptasi
dengan keramaian dan merasa nyaman di
segala situasi
[ <br /></p>PEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-89668039103520980912021-07-02T16:16:00.001-07:002021-07-02T16:16:50.757-07:00Anda orang Smart 6 hal ini mungkin menjadi masalah anda dalam kehidupan<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHdjDoh6Tw8G3Yl28ugm4dFVPOnoB4Ad-8mM5tMGiS4rWwA9ERhdRDQeWHckh9zWzDDpDMoCf8sdM27yw1x5d5WNaVV_6jVO4zEgYMQZ95zm56z69PBphd3FERSh56g-MmS9mfsXosa4g/s644/csVCA.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="644" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHdjDoh6Tw8G3Yl28ugm4dFVPOnoB4Ad-8mM5tMGiS4rWwA9ERhdRDQeWHckh9zWzDDpDMoCf8sdM27yw1x5d5WNaVV_6jVO4zEgYMQZ95zm56z69PBphd3FERSh56g-MmS9mfsXosa4g/s320/csVCA.GIF" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Apakah jadi Pintar itu sangat menyenangkan ternyata butuh perjuangan ya. -6 perjuangan yang hanya dirasakan
oleh orang cerdas. Kebanyakan dari kamu
pasti menganggap kalau orang yang sangat
cerdas adalah manusia super yang mampu
menyelesaikan segala masalah dengan
mudah karena mereka dikaruniai otak yang
dapat membantunya dalam situasi hidup
apapun, namun kenyataannya sangat berbeda
dengan yang kamu bayangkan seberapa
cerdas otak seseorang mereka juga
hanyalah manusia biasa jika kamu
termasuk orang yang sangat cerdas
beberapa perjuangan yang telah kamu
lakukan dan kurangnya pemahaman dari
orang terdekat akan membuat kamu merasa
kesepian. </p><p>Berikut beberapa perjuangan
yang paling sering dirasakan oleh orang
cerdas </p><p>Hai yang pertama pembicaraan ringan dan
remeh akan melelahkanmu terlibat dalam
percakapan kecil cukup menjadi tantangan
buatmu, hal ini terjadi karena kamu
kewalahan dengan ide-ide besar yang ada
di otak kamu topik yang menarik minat
akan jarang ditemukan pada percakapan
ringan seperti ini Sehingga kamu merasa
telah membuang waktu, untuk itu semua
yang kamu inginkan hanyalah waktu
sendiri dimana kamu bisa menuangkan
segala ide kamu dan mengembangkannya
sesuai keinginan. </p><p>Yang kedua Kamu
berpikir lebih dari apa yang kamu
katakan otak berguna untuk mencari
solusi dan jawaban atas segala masalah
, kamu mungkin membutuhkan lebih banyak
waktu daripada orang biasa dalam menarik
kesimpulan Jika kamu belum benar-benar
yakin
jawaban yang benar atau ide yang
cemerlang </p><p>Kamu tidak akan mengutarakan
pendapat karena Sebagian besar
orang disekitarmu tidak terbiasa dengan
cara berpikir anda, mereka bahkan
bingung dan malah menganggap kamu aneh </p><p>Ketiga pekerjaan yang kamu geluti
dapat membuatmu mudah bosan, kebutuhan
otak kamu adalah suatu tantangan yang
baru atau ide-ide dari sebuah proyek
besar Hal ini dapat mengubah pekerjaan
kamu menjadi lebih menarik dan membuat
kamu tidak mudah bosan namun
mengubah-ubah pekerjaan seperti ini juga
tidak mudah dan ini menjadi sebuah
perjuangan yang kamu lakukan sehari-hari </p><p>Keempat kamu terkadang mengambil
tindakan yang berbeda dari yang lain,
sulit untuk menjadi seorang mempunyai
pemikiran berbeda ketika kamu
memiliki ide yang berbeda sendiri dari
yang lain kamu mungkin akan kehilangan
dukungan dari rekan-rekan Mu sehingga
kamu menjadi merasa kurang dihargai
dalam hal ini. </p><p>Kelima menjalin
hubungan sosial adalah sesuatu yang
canggung bagimu setelah melihat
bagaimana kamu tidak bisa beradaptasi
dalam pembicaraan kecil menahan diri
untuk tidak berbicara akan hal-hal yang
tidak kamu yakini dan memiliki ide yang
berbeda akan membuat orang berpikir
kalau kamu antisosial kamu merasa hal
ini adalah sebuah Tantangan untuk
bersikap di kehidupan sosial yang
sebenarnya</p><p>Keenam akui saja kamu
akan merasa sulit jatuh cinta, pencarian
kamu soal cinta sedikit menyulitkanmu
daripada orang kebanyakan dalam hal ini
kamu
lebih berhati-hati dan terlalu memilih kamu juga bukan orang yang bisa
spontanitas saat bertemu calon pasangan
sehingga mereka merasa kurang berminat
denganmu inilah enam perjuangan yang
hanya dirasakan oleh orang cerdas</p>PEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-42115981579386838052021-05-08T21:54:00.000-07:002021-05-08T21:54:08.042-07:00Ngeri dan ngilu rasanya melihat berita tentang corona di Luar negeri<p>Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum</p><p>Ketika Negara lain sedang bertempur melawan Pandemi seperti India yang telah mengalami Tsunami covid-19 sampai kematian mencapai 4 ribu lebih dalah satu hari, petugas kremasi kewalahan karena banyaknya mayat dan rumah sakit hampir angkat tangan karena tabung oksigen yang sangat terbatas, namun di sekitar saya masih banyak yang menganggap semua ini hanya politik dan bahkan ada yang tidak pernah memakai masker.</p><p>Saudaraku marilah kita ikuti anjuran Pemerinth untuk menegakkan Protokol kesehatan, memakai masker, jaga jarak, hindari kerumunan, kurangi mobilitas.</p><p>Aceh sekarang mengalami lonjakan kasus tidakkah kita belajar dari yang sudah-sudah mari kita terus saling support semoga pandemi ini bisa segera berakhir dengan ijin Allah.</p><p>Sabar dan jangan lelah.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdv2GD0Bx0gXkEDJEuyyAzu-i44BG-Getg-kz5c4znGLktuqq9IIdpzycAJ5VfGu7age5D9J3s66aJfVCVvvI2-jm7XMvlRlIMIjiQ5D_PQFUALIwwhZXg-7LQTJzYZbUZ_Ake4wei-5A/s704/sd3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="458" data-original-width="704" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdv2GD0Bx0gXkEDJEuyyAzu-i44BG-Getg-kz5c4znGLktuqq9IIdpzycAJ5VfGu7age5D9J3s66aJfVCVvvI2-jm7XMvlRlIMIjiQ5D_PQFUALIwwhZXg-7LQTJzYZbUZ_Ake4wei-5A/s320/sd3.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>PEMBURU BERITAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03251111694992996357noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-9023499863421371822019-11-25T13:19:00.002-08:002019-11-25T13:19:37.715-08:00Mistery Bridge in LuccaBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdpaYvQ5Yw-wyDy3qbDRsosaI0vZPhCwHokvdkPRASG4nG6_N8vOX8ezw-fTCn1X3ZKdCF5SeJv2FPZNtmiYMpJoM26Fiq-AjNONBHb96DLUnKAaw6PgTUbkeXVTqn_ot5eyLy_wMNchuI/s1600/lucca.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="470" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdpaYvQ5Yw-wyDy3qbDRsosaI0vZPhCwHokvdkPRASG4nG6_N8vOX8ezw-fTCn1X3ZKdCF5SeJv2FPZNtmiYMpJoM26Fiq-AjNONBHb96DLUnKAaw6PgTUbkeXVTqn_ot5eyLy_wMNchuI/s400/lucca.JPG" width="381" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">https://www.instagram.com/ig_italia/</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Crossed by the Serchio River, Borgo in Mozzano is located 20 kilometers from Lucca. It is watched by Mount Bargiglio, on whose summit are the remains of that ancient signal tower that was "the Eye of Lucca", from which Castiglione Garfagnana, Baths of Lucca, Brancoli and Lucca were controlled. It takes a ten-minute walk along the trail to reach the summit, and thus enjoy the view of the village and its surroundings.<br />
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Having been built by Matilda of Canossa, however, it is the Bridge that is the real reason why you go to Borgo in Mozzano. Located on the Serchio River, it has a very special structure with that wide and almost unnatural higher arch. Reconstructed by the Ghibellino leader Castruccio Castracani, it was severely damaged by a flood of the Serchio in 1836 and then modified in the early twentieth century.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-61427433627909325272019-11-24T23:26:00.000-08:002019-11-24T23:26:09.442-08:00Ayo Ke LombokBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCpAV0G0-2lvzv80MjqIpEaSYilI8d4SROiYKljz5Sy9G_iUFwtvj2sPpq5Gk72f0pKkk6lcDR5ZJVo-GAbjEOmqmJ79hRPFENPrRA7gKpPpwhGQJstK0etaKQYzASdLiZ6CEVFPV6hxU5/s1600/lombok-96407_960_720.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="960" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCpAV0G0-2lvzv80MjqIpEaSYilI8d4SROiYKljz5Sy9G_iUFwtvj2sPpq5Gk72f0pKkk6lcDR5ZJVo-GAbjEOmqmJ79hRPFENPrRA7gKpPpwhGQJstK0etaKQYzASdLiZ6CEVFPV6hxU5/s640/lombok-96407_960_720.webp" width="640" /></a></div>
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Lombok adalah sebuah pulau yang terletak di sisi timur pulau Bali, Lombok menawarkan keindahan alam yang masih lebih alami selain dari Pulau Bali, tetapi karena perkembangannya yang baru.<br />
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Transportasi dan fasilitas akomodasi masih tidak memadai dibandingkan dengan pulau yang berdekatan. Beberapa destinasi wisata di Lombok antara lain:<br />
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Pantai Kuta, namanya sama dengan yang ada di Bali, tapi lokasinya berbeda. Pantai yang indah ini sering menjadi salah satu destinasi pertama bagi wisatawan yang baru saja mendarat di Bandara Internasional Lombok.<br />
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Pantai ini menawarkan pasir yang lembut, ombak yang cocok untuk belajar berselancar, serta pemandangan bawah laut yang indah. Pantai Kuta Lombok agak kurang padat dibandingkan dengan Kuta Bali.<br />
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Tempat wisata di Lombok ini dikelilingi oleh fasilitas yang cukup lengkap, seperti Homestay, Penyewaan papan selancar, dan peralatan snorkeling, hingga ke warung makanan pantai.<br />
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Pantai yang dekat dengan Pantai Kuta ini adalah Pantai Tanjung aan, sama seperti Pantai Kuta, pantai ini berpasir putih dengan air biru.<br />
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Pantai Tanjung aan adalah tempat wisata di Lombok yang cocok untuk snorkeling. Pantai Tanjung aan dan Pantai Kuta dapat diakses selama 1 hari.<br />
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Sementara jika Anda ingin menikmati matahari terbenam di pantai di pulau Lombok, Pantai Senggigi adalah tujuan wisata yang tepat. Pantai Senggigi juga ideal sebagai tempat untuk melihat matahari terbenam, dengan pemandangan Gunung Agung di kejauhan.<br />
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Karena popularitasnya, Pantai Senggigi dikelilingi oleh banyak hotel dan penginapan, baik murah maupun mewah. Di pantai Senggigi, ada juga klub malam bagi Anda yang menyukai kehidupan malam.<br />
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Ada juga beberapa pulau kecil yang dekat dengan pulau Lombok. Pulau ini dikenal sebagai<b><a href="https://definisiistilahkomputer.blogspot.com/2019/04/berlibur-ke-pulau-gili-trawangan-dengan.html" target="_blank"> Gili Trawangan</a></b>, Gili Air, dan Gili Meno.<br />
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Ketiga pulau ini memiliki lokasi yang berdekatan, sehingga sering digunakan sebagai tujuan pulau hopping. Gili Trawangan adalah pulau terbesar, sementara Gili Meno adalah yang paling tenang dan paling indah dan jauh dari keramaian dan hiruk pikuk kendaraan bermotor.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ431-LAmvGVkrygFBZM9T0ae9e5H_uH9hdtM3qZJcIxlqKfJxstCCesULUdR8evaifX0U57VEPZK7KqB1-r0HDJuXlnBAHQarFqLZtPN2ps-kJK0V-mQO80l6yiFXUFVVtOE14KnwzGRZ/s1600/mountain-1499158_960_720.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ431-LAmvGVkrygFBZM9T0ae9e5H_uH9hdtM3qZJcIxlqKfJxstCCesULUdR8evaifX0U57VEPZK7KqB1-r0HDJuXlnBAHQarFqLZtPN2ps-kJK0V-mQO80l6yiFXUFVVtOE14KnwzGRZ/s640/mountain-1499158_960_720.webp" width="640" /></a></div>
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Beberapa pantai ini sangat cocok untuk pelancong Solo, tetapi jika Anda ingin sisi lain pulau Lombok Anda harus mengunjungi gunung Rinjani.<br />
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Ada sebuah danau di daerah puncak gunung yang indah, meskipun tidak dianjurkan untuk mendaki gunung sendirian.<br />
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Meskipun, di berbagai pantai di pulau Lombok, ia menawarkan berbagai hiburan bagi wisatawan.<br />
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Tapi, perlu diingat ketika bepergian ke kota kami sebagai turis juga harus menghargai budaya yang dipelihara oleh penduduk setempat dan tidak bisa bebas seperti yang kita inginkan.<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-81268382125181198402019-11-24T22:54:00.001-08:002019-11-24T22:54:30.244-08:00Ayo Ke Nusa Tenggara TimurBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
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Pulau ini terletak di sebelah timur pulau Lombok setelah melewati beberapa pulau kecil lainnya. Sama seperti dua pulau terkenal lainnya, Bali dan Lombok. NTT juga menawarkan wisata pantai yang indah. Beberapa wisata terkenal di NTT termasuk:<br />
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Pantai Lasiana, Pantai Lasiana adalah salah satu tempat wisata yang sangat populer di Nusa Tenggara Timur, pantai ini memiliki panorama alam yang sangat indah dengan pasir putih yang lebar dan karang di beberapa sisinya.<br />
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Selain itu, Anda juga dapat menemukan banyak pohon kelapa yang tumbuh di daerah pantai ini sehingga akan menambah Eksotisme mereka.<br />
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Pantai lainnya adalah pantai pasir panjang, pantai pasir panjang sendiri memiliki karakteristik batu karang yang mengelilingi pantai. Jika Anda ingin menikmati Sunset, maka tujuan wisata yang dapat diatasi adalah pantai Timor.<br />
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Pantai ini terkenal dengan indahnya matahari terbenam. Sementara pantai yang terletak dekat dengan kota Kupang adalah pantai Tablolong. Pantai ini unik dimana pantai pasir "Pink" yang membuat pemandangan di pantai ini semakin eksotis.<br />
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Sedangkan yang paling terkenal dari NTT adalah pulau Komodo. Pulau Komodo merupakan tempat wisata yang tidak boleh dilewatkan di Nusa Tenggara Timur, tempat wisata ini bahkan menjadi ikon pariwisata di provinsi ini.<br />
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Pulau Komodo sendiri masih berada di dalam Taman Nasional Komodo. Komodo adalah kadal raksasa yang endemik di pulau ini. Spesies ini diyakini sebagai makhluk kuno yang masih bertahan sampai sekarang dan belum punah.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-2752282027371920462019-11-24T18:41:00.003-08:002019-11-24T18:41:56.318-08:00Hindari Tisu untuk hutan yang lebih baikBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
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<span style="color: #003366;">Secara tidak sadar, kita telah turut serta mempercepat terjadinya pemanasan global. Musim yang tak menentu, termasuk kemarau berkepanjangan hanya salah satu pertanda, agar kita tak boros mengonsumsi kertas. Baik untuk corat-coret, menulis paper maupun ‘sekadar’ membersihkan keringat dengan tisu.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #003366;">Kertas tulis dan tisu, sama-sama dibuat dari bubur kertas yang berbahan baku tanaman keras. Tahukah Anda, berapa penyusutan hutan Indonesia akibat ditebang untuk dibuat kertas?</span></div>
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<span style="color: #003366;">Lebih bijak kalau kita membiasakan membawa sapu tangan setiap bepergian. Sapu tangan yang kotor bisa dicuci dan digunakan kembali, sedang kertas akan lumat atau rusak terkena air. Dan, lumatnya kertas, walau tak terlalu mengotori, namun tak membuat hutan-hutan lantas hijau kembali.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #003366;">Tak cuma kita para konsumen, pengelola restoran, hotel hingga warung-warung kakilima juga sebaiknya mengurangi penyediaan tisu. Lap tangan/serbet bisa jadi alternatif pengganti tisu.</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-83336807328650265172019-11-24T14:00:00.001-08:002019-11-24T14:00:53.735-08:00Ayo ke Gunung Galunggung Guys sekarang sudah cantik Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
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Gunung Galunggung, Tempat Syahdu Melihat Kabut di Tasikmalaya</h1>
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<span style="color: #484848; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">terpikirkan mendapat pendamping hidup juga keturunan Tasik, tapi yang namanya takdir. Kita hanya bisa menjalani, keputusan mutlak di tangan Tuhan. Sebenarnya tujuan ke kota Tasikmalaya ini untuk nyekar atau ziarah sekalian untuk mengunjungi Ua Ecep dan yang lainnya baru kenal di Jakarta kemaren.</span></div>
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Setelah tiga hari dua malam di rumah tanpa ada agenda mengunjungi destinasi wisata yang ada di Tasikmalaya karena memang fokus untuk tujuan utama. Ditambah lagi, musim hujan dan suasana dingin yang membuat kaki malas melangkah rasanya dari kamar. Jadi kegiatan tak jauh dari Tidur, Makan dan mengenal lebih dalam istri saya karena memang kita proses taaruf sehingga tak banyak saling mengenal.</div>
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Tapi dalam agenda kenalan dengan keluarga ada agenda destinasi utama yang harus dikunjungi ketika bertandang Tasikmalaya yaitu Gunung Galunggung. </div>
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Memasuki Kawasan Gunung Galunggung, Hutan dan Anak Tangga Menjualang Tinggi Menajadi Pelengkap Bahagai dan Ngos-Ngosan.</h2>
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Setelah packing tas dan membawa makanan yang disiapkan ua Ecep dan istrinya, akhirnya kami berenam berangkat menuju Gunung Galunggung. Selama perjalanan, kabut yang tipis, persawahan menjadi pemandangan yang epik sepanjang mata memandang.</div>
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Hingga akhirnya kami sampai ke gerbang masuk dan langsung membayar tiket masuk sebesar Rp. 40.000 untuk 4 orang karena anak-anak tidak dihitung. Kemudian terus melanjutkan perjalanan menuju parkiran. Setalah parkir, kami langsung mulai menyusuri anak tangga sebanyak 620 yang membuat kaki terasa ngilu dan gemetaran.</div>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8113" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_8113" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; width: 1080px;"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-8113" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;">Anak Tangga Gunung Galunggung</figcaption></figure><div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Sebenarnya saya sudah mulai terbiasa naik gunung dengan jalanan yang menanjak, namun untuk kali ini saya harus rela seperti bapak tua yang berjalan perlahan-lahan dan beberapa kali istrahat. Apakah karena saya sudah tak jomblo lagi sehingga kaki saya kopong?</div>
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Gunung Galunggung, Gunung yang Memiliki Warna Kawah yang Hijau dan Kuning. Sungguh Pemandangan yang Luar Biasa Gezz.</h2>
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Setelah kaki lemas menaiki anak tangga sebanyak 620 tangga, akhirnya kami sampai di kawasan puncak Gunung Galunggung. Dari atas terlihat kawah berwarna hijau dan sebagian kecil lagi berwarna kuning yang membuatnya semakin ciamik untuk dijadikan sebagai fhoto di instagram.</div>
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Gunung Galunggung Juga Ternyata Menyediakan Camping Area, Spot Menikmati Sunrise dan Kabut Tipis Memang Pas Bangat Ini Mah. Jadi pengen Camping Kan Disana!</h2>
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Sebenarnya berbagai aktivitas bisa dilakukan disini. Ada spot fhoto selfie di pojok kiri dari tangga warna kuning. Ada spot sunrise juga bagi pecinta alam yang hobby camping. Dan ketika kami berkunjung kesini ternyata ada orang yang camping, sungguh membuatku rindu akan suasana seperti itu.</div>
<figure aria-describedby="caption-attachment-8114" class="wp-caption alignnone" id="attachment_8114" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 100%; width: 1080px;"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text" id="caption-attachment-8114" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 10px 0px;">Camping Ceria di Gunung Galunggung</figcaption></figure><div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Setelah puas dengan menikmati suasana gunung galunggung dengan kawahnya, akhirnya kami melanjutkan perjalanan menuju Air Panas Cipanas yang masih dikawasan gunung Galunggung ini. Kami bersantap siang disana dengan makanan yang sudah kami bawa. Benar-benar serasa piknik dah.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-31780429218171615592019-11-23T19:46:00.000-08:002019-11-23T19:46:04.351-08:00Daftar Tanaman Obat Indonesia dan Nama Latinnya<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Berikut saya sertakan daftar tanaman yg bisa dijadikan ramuan obat herbal / obat tradisional / jamu untuk kesehatan dan kebugaran tubuh disertai nama latinnya. Saat ini saya sedang berada di Indonesia dan saya berusaha membuat photo dari berbagai tanaman obat ini. Akan saya tampilkan di postingan saya yang akan datang. Semoga bermanfaat.</span></div>
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<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224014456/http://www.ibujempol.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/2010-06-09.jpg" style="color: #cc0000; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><img alt="Putri Malu - salah satu tanaman liar yg bisa dijadikan obat" class="size-full wp-image-1399 " height="400" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224014456im_/http://www.ibujempol.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/2010-06-09.jpg" style="border: 0px none; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 444px; padding: 0px;" title="Putri Malu - Mimosa pudica" width="400" /></span></a><div class="wp-caption-text" style="line-height: 14px; padding: 5px;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Putri Malu - salah satu tanaman liar yg bisa dijadikan obat</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">♡<strong> Tanaman Untuk Ramuan Obat</strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Adas<strong> </strong><em>(Foeniculum vulgare Mill)</em></span></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Alang alang (Imperata cyllindrica {L} Beauv)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Anting anting (Acalypha australis L)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Avokad (Persea gratissima Gaerth)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Andong (Cordyline fructirosa {L} A. Cheval)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Angco (Ziziphus jujuba Mill)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Arbenan (Duschesnea indica {Andr.} )</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L)</span></em></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bangle (Zingiber purpureum Roxb.)</span></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Brotowali (Tinospora crispa {L} Miers.)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bunga Kenop (Gomphrena globosa L)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Ban Zhi Lian (Scutellaria barbata D.Don.)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L var.)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bayam Duri (Amaranthus spinosus)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Beluntas (Pluchea indica {L} Less.)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Benalu Teh (Loranthus parasiticus)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bidara Upas (Merremia mammosa {Lour})</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Boroco (Celosia argentea L.)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Brojo Lintang (Belamcanda sinensis L DC.)</span></em></div>
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<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Bunga Matahari (Helainthus annuus L.)</span></em></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><em></em></span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">C</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Cabai Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Calincing (Oxalis corniculata L.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Cakar Ayam (Selaginella doederleinii Hieron)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">D</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Dan Shen (Salviae milthiorrhizae Bunge)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Daun Kentut (Paederia scandens {Lour.} Merr.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Daun Mint (Mentha arvensis L.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Daun Dewa (Gynura segetum {Lour.} Merr.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Daun Hia (Artemisia vulgaris L.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Daun Jinten (Coleus amboinicus Lour.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Daun Sendok (Plantago major L;)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Daun Ungu (Graptophyllum pictum {L} Griff.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Delima (Punica granatum L.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><em></em></span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">E</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Ekor Kucing (Acalypha hispida Burm.f.)</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><em></em></span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<em><span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">G</span></em></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Gadung China (Smilax china L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Gempur Batu (Boreria hispida Schum.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Gendola (Bassela rubra L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Gandarusa (Justicia genadrusa Burm F.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Ginjean (Leonurus sibricus L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">J</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jagung (Zea mays L)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jamur Kuping (Auricularia auricula)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jati Belanda (Guazoma ulmifolia Lamk)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jeruk Mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jukut Pendul (Kyllinga v-brevifolia Rottb.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jahe (Zingiber offichinale Rocs.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jamblang (Eugeniacumini {L.} Druce)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jali (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jamur Kayu / Ling Zhi (Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr) Karst.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jengger Ayam (Celosia cristata L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Jombang (Taraxacum mongolicum Hand-Mazz.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">K</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kaca Piring (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum Auct.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kayu Manis ( indicum burmani (Needs.) Bl.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kembang Bugang (Clerodendrum calamitosum L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kembang Coklat (Zephyranthes candida Herb.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kembang Sore (Abutilon (L.) Sweet.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kembang Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kie Cie (Lycium barbaratum L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Ki Tolod (Isotoma longiflora Presl.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Komprey (Symphytum officinale L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kremek (Alternanthera sessilis R.Br.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kunci Pepet (Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kunyit Putih (Kaempferia rotunda L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kaktus Gepeng (Opuntia dilenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kejibeling (Strobilanthes crispus Bl.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kembang Pukul Empat (Mirabilis jalapa L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kemuning (Muraya paniculata (L) Jack)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Ketepeng China (Cassia alata L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kumis Kucing ( Orthosiphon aristatus BL. Miq.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">L</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Legundi (Vitex trifolia L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Lempuyang wangi (Zingiber aromaticum Vahl.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Lengkuas (Languas galanga L. Stunz)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Lenglengan 5leucas lavandulifolia L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Lili(Lilium Sp.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Lobak Putih (Raphanus sativus L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">M</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa Boerl.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Mawar (Rosa sinensis Jacq.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Melati (Jasminum samblas L. Ait.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Mirten (Malphigia coccigera )</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Meniran (Phyllantus urinaria L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Miana (Coleus artopurpureus Benth.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Mimba (Melia azadirachta L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Murbei (Morus alba Linn)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">N</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Nanas Kering (Rgoe discolor L Her. Hance)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">P</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Patikan China (Euphorbia thymifolia L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Patikan Kebo ( Euphorbia hirta L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Pare (Momordica charantia L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Patah Tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Pinang (Areca catechu L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Pegagan ( Centella asiatica L Urban.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">R</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Rumput Bambu (Lopatherum gracile Brogn.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">S</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Saga (Abus precatorius L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata {Burm.f. Nees.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens Backer.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Salam (Syzygium polyanthus (Wight.) Walp.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sambang Darah ( Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sangitan (Sambucus javanica Reinw.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Selasih (Oimum basilicum L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sereh / Serai (Cymbopogon nardus {L} Rendle)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Som Jawa (Talinum paniculatum Jacq.) Gaertn)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Srigading (Nyctanthes arbor-trisis L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida L Kunth.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sawi Tanah (Nasturtium montanum Wall.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Semanggi Gunung (Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sembung (Blumea balsamifera DC.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Siantan (Ixora stricta Roxb.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Sirih (Piper betle L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">T</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Tahi Kotok (Tagetes erecta L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Teh (Camelia sinensis {L.} Kuntze)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Tempuh Wiyang (Emilia sonchifolia {L.} DC.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Temu Giring (Curcuma heyneana Val.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Turi (Sesbania grandiflora {L.} Pers)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus {L.} G/Don)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Temulawak (Curcuma xantorrhiza Roxb.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Teratai (Nelumbium nucifera Gaerth.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Urang Aring (Eclipta alba Hassk.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">W</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Waru Landak (Hibiscus mutabilis L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Wortel (Daucus carota L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Wudani (Quisqualis indica L.)</span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: #444444;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: large;">Demikianlah semoga anda manfaatnya bagi yang sedang mencari nama latin tanaman obat herbal di Indonesia</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-74058914540958732902019-11-23T19:24:00.002-08:002019-11-23T19:24:42.940-08:00 Topik Paling Membosankan: KorupsiBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 1.5em;">KORUPTORNYA SIH OPTIMISTIS AKAN BERJAYA.</span></h3>
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Seorang cewek kelas tiga SMP bertanya kenapa korupsi tak bisa diberantas, hanya jadi berita, dan lama-lama membosankan. Saya tak tahu apakah gurunya juga mendapatkan pertanyaan serupa.</div>
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Presiden, dan mereka yang merasa dirinya kandidat presiden, mungkin juga kerepotan untuk menjawabnya secara ringkas dan jelas. Apalagi saya, kan?</div>
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Jawaban paling aman, sekaligus sok bijaksini, adalah, “Kita harus sabar dan tabah.”</div>
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Cukup itu saja jawabannya. Jangan bawa-bawa Tuhan karena koruptor juga bawa-bawa Tuhan, sejak sumpah jabatan hingga saat diadili mendapatkan dukungan berupa barisan pelantun doa. Bahkan saat divonis bebas pun – tentu dengan pembuka “demi keadilan berdasarkan Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa” — seorang koruptor segera bersujud di lantai ruang sidang pengadilan tipikor.</div>
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Beberapa koruptor malah tampak religius. Saleh, begitulah. Rajin beribadah. Bahkan bermurah hati menyumbang rumah ibadah dan kegiatan keagamaan. Dan ketika ada yang mempersoalkan, mereka mendapatkan pembelaan dari orang baik, “Janganlah hendaknya kalian menjadi hakim atas perkara yang tidak kalian ketahui.”</div>
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Jika kita bilang korupsi sudah membudaya, rasanya juga basi. Kata beberapa pidato, kita adalah bangsa yang berbudaya (dan berakhlak) tinggi. Kalau korupsi sudah menjadi budaya, haruskah kita memerangi budaya sendiri?</div>
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Suatu hari seorang ibu bertanya kenapa koruptor dan keluarganya tak malu saat perilakunya terungkap. “Kayaknya santai aja, nggak ngerasa bersalah, malah bangga,” gerutu si ibu. </div>
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Si ibu mungkin lupa bahwa punya duit banyak itu bisa santai dan cengengesan, apalagi ancaman dari hukum dan negara untuk memiskinkan hanyalah wacana semata. Kalau bangga, entahlah. Setelah divonis bebas, sampai tingkat Mahkamah Agung, mungkin baru bangga. Koruptor dan keluarganya kompak. Mungkin kompak adalah bagian dari iman.</div>
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Tentang rasa bersalah, mungkin ada — tapi ringan dan segera luntur. Semacam pengendara yang terbiasa menerabas lampu merah dan menggilas garis pembatas jalan, begitulah. Memang salah, tapi santai sajalah, karena orang lain juga melakukan dan dibiarkan. Kalaupun suatu saat tertangkap polantas dan kena tilang, itu pasal nasib. Soal nahas saja.</div>
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Jadi, apanya yang masih menarik dari kasus demi kasus korupsi? Angka rupiahnya? Penampilan orangnya? Gosipnya? Jaksanya yang kurang galak dan hakimnya yang lembek?</div>
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Yang patut kita pelajari dari para koruptor adalah optimismenya. Mereka hakkul yakin bahwa masyarakat akan bosan dan menyerah.</div>
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Mungkin kita memerlukan para motivator kelas kampiun nasional berkemampuan sihir untuk merawat kesadaran kita: “Kalian bisa! Pas-ti bi-sa! Jangan menyerah! Ja-ngan! Semangat, dong! Se-ma-ngat!”</div>
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Dung-dung prèt!</div>
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<br /></div>
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Tapi ingat di akhirat lu nggak bisa lari bangsat ada catatan yang nggak melewatkan sedikitpun bahkan satu rupiah sedikitpun akan tercatat semua yang kamu salah gunakan</div>
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<img alt="" class="alignnone" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120430043140im_/http://memo.blogombal.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/memo-seragam-tahahan-KPK.jpg" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Dijual: baju tahanan KPK" width="450" /></div>
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© Foto bekicot: Postyorous Menerous / Foto baju tahanan KPK: Memo Blogombal</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-57011631159202641902019-11-14T00:41:00.005-08:002019-11-14T00:41:44.497-08:00 The History of Port LigarBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
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<tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014013206/http://www.waterfallbay.co.nz/history.html#" style="color: #030c74;"><span title="Click to enlarge"><img alt="Click to enlarge" border="0" height="188" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014013206im_/http://www.waterfallbay.co.nz/images/hmshand.jpg" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 64, 128); margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 15px;" vspace="10" width="270" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Port Ligar was named after an early surveyor. The first owner in the 1880s was George Crichton. The highest peak of 443m on the farm is named in his honour. He sold it to Henry Harris in 1900 who continued to clear the bush, fence and sow grasses. In 1915 Ted Tosswill, a sea captain, bought Ligar, selling it in 1924 to Philip Shand. According to family tales he bought it to retire to because of the grouper ground off West Entry point.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">His two sons, Anson & Jack took over in 1935 and on the death of Anson during WW2 Jack assumed full control. In 1970 Jack and Constance purchased Maud Island in the Pelorus Sound and handed Port Ligar over to his 2 sons Martin and Tim. They farmed the 3000 acres in partnership</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">until the mid 80¹s when due to varying family demands they decided to farm their own blocks separately. Martin sold his farm Te Kopi in 2000 and has retired to Nelson.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Tim and his wife Raewyn continue to farm the remaining 580 hectares along with their 10 children who are now 4th generation of the Shand family to live at Port Ligar. To ensure continuity and stability of the family the farm is now owned and operated by family trusts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Port Ligar (rhymes with cigar) lies at the entrance to Pelorus Sound and fronts both Cook Strait and Admiralty Bay. It is best described as a nautical sheep station as no portion of its 580 hectares is out of sight of the sea. The land rises abruptly from the ocean and keeps going that way. Precipitous bluffs have led to a watery grave for many unwary animals. Once covered in native bush the land is now largely cleared for grazing although a beautiful stand of 65 hectares of virgin bush has been retained and is named the Sir Bernard Fergusson Private Scenic Reserve after one of our previous Governor Generals who was privileged to visit here and experience the rugged beauty of the place.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The original station ran 5000 Romneys and 200 Black Polls, however due to the farming climate we now only run 1000 Romneys and 100 head of cattle. We have diversified into marine farming in the latter years which now reaps the bigger percentage of our income.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Life at Port Ligar has always been very dependant on the weather and tide. Large punts would bring in supplies and fuel and take out stock. Nowadays with the advent of the road we mainly use trucking for transporting stock and fuel and the 4 wheel drive vehicle which has made town far more accessible and less dependant on the tide.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Waterfall Bay is tucked into a southern corner of Port Ligar adjacent to the Bernard Fergusson Reserve and was developed into a tourism entity during the 1980¹s. We were offered the opportunity of purchasing the property at the beginning of 2002 and are excited at the chance to expand our family's enterprises.</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-89035173630847415942019-11-01T17:43:00.001-07:002019-11-01T17:43:49.685-07:00WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYSqE8wIXMDcyzgXkwhzQOXa17pdIcx_xgwVhu90SD_rbr_n5uSDTLBTjnQeaN1G2F6Z-IO2M9XROaTuLsViuPfy4myAvSeMWskq3_OfD6EmbWEI5lWqYa93pCGrjo3xSHms4DOVZU-695/s1600/Air+Travel+013.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYSqE8wIXMDcyzgXkwhzQOXa17pdIcx_xgwVhu90SD_rbr_n5uSDTLBTjnQeaN1G2F6Z-IO2M9XROaTuLsViuPfy4myAvSeMWskq3_OfD6EmbWEI5lWqYa93pCGrjo3xSHms4DOVZU-695/s320/Air+Travel+013.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">In June 1992, at the Rio Earth Summit,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">was signed by 160 nations. The adoption of the Convention signals the recognition</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">that climate change represents a problem of universal importance.</span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The Earth's climate has been undergoing change for eons of time as the atmospheric and terrestrial conditions have changed. The average global temperature is influenced by many factors, including the intensity of the solar radiation, the type of ground cover, the amount of ocean area and cloud cover, and the gaseous composition of the atmosphere itself. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The Earth is warmed by incident solar radiation, and in turn, the Earth radiates energy back to outer space. In the absence of an atmosphere, the average equilibrium temperature of the Earth's surface would be approximately -18°C, an inhospitable environment for many existing life forms. The atmosphere acts as a greenhouse and traps some of the energy that would otherwise be radiated to space. The result of this greenhouse effect is a warmer Earth, and the average temperature is currently approximately 15°C.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">The earth is presently in a general warming phase, and in fact, scientific observations over more than a century indicate that average annual temperatures have been climbing at unusually high rates. Most scientists believe that the major reason for the rising temperature is the increase in concentration of <b>greenhouse gases</b> (GHGs) - water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) - in the atmosphere. A large fraction of the additional GHGs in the atmosphere can be attributed to the activities of man. For instance, the concentration of carbon dioxide has increased from 280 ppmv (parts per million on a volume basis) at the start of the industrial revolution to 370 ppmv today, and a significant fraction can be ascribed to the combustion of fossil fuels. CFCs, a potent GHG, are a man-made chemical. Anthropogenic emissions of the greenhouse gases can considerably enhance the greenhouse effect.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Scientific estimates suggest that the average annual temperatures might increase by 2-5°C during this century, and there could be significant changes in local and regional weather patterns. Such alterations in climate could have a variety of adverse effects, and in some instances, could even be beneficial to some species. Temperatures may increase more rapidly in some regions than in others, and wider ranges of high and low temperatures could occur. Changes in wind circulation and precipitation patterns could result in the increased humidity in some areas and droughts in others. Rising sea levels could inundate some coastal regions. More frequent and more severe storms and floods may occur. Soil erosion could increase substantially. New irrigation practices may be required. The quality of crops may undergo significant changes and this, in turn, could affect animal husbandry.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">What can we do?</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">It is clear that man will have to adapt to these climate changes. However, by taking appropriate actions now we can also minimize the magnitude of the changes. We can reduce GHG emissions and increase GHG sequestration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Carbon dioxide accounts for 70% of the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. We can reduce the rate of increase in the carbon dioxide concentration by reducing the combustion of fossil fuels, by using fossil fuels more efficiently, and by introducing the use of alternative and renewable energy sources. Oceans and biomass are major absorbers of carbon dioxide. Many of our forests are being cut, thus reducing the global carbon sink. We can reduce the rate of forest clearing, and we can also increase the carbon sink through afforestation measures.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are numerous opportunities to reduce emissions and increase carbon sinks while simultaneously improving our environment and quality of life. Many examples of practices and programs being implemented by the Government of Ukraine and its international development partners are cited on this website. We hope that you will take the opportunity to learn what others are doing, and what you can do to address the global climate change problem.</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-38830775083393441152019-10-10T15:14:00.000-07:002019-10-10T15:14:02.895-07:00Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi<span style="font-size: large;">Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">A flat island about 15 km from Manado, with a
friendly people. The coral reefs off Bunaken island shouldn't be missed
while you are in Manado. These magnificent virgin reefs are still
relatively unspoiled. The drop-off walls at Liang cove is not only rare
in the world, with caves, gullies and caverns, harboring an immense
wealth of marine life. Spectacular formation of reefs begin with flat at
about 5 m depth. These plunge downward to form underwater vertical
crevices with often reach depth on several hundred meters. On these
beautiful reefs, a wonderful collection of marine life thrives.</span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">The
Bunaken reef is a chain of over 40 five star dive spots. The Marine
Park is spectacular with the greatest concentration of tropical fish,
coral species and world famous wall diving.<br />Clear, warm waters (sea
temperatures usually range between 27-30 degrees C), light currents and
calm seas allow easy access to the underwater attraction awaiting
visitors to the five-islands of the Bunaken-Manado Tua National Marine
Park which sits directly offshore of Manado. Bunaken is the standout
favorite, with the highest density of schooling fish and the greatest
probability to see larger species such as turtles, sharks, and napoleon
wrasse. There are enough sites here to keep any diver happy for over a
week without going elsewhere.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>The Dive Sites :</u></b>Most
diving takes place near Bunaken and Manado Tua, because of their many
excellent sites. The following is representative of the diving in the
area. </span></div>
<ul>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Lekuan Walls (I, II, III) </i></b>This
long wall on Bunaken is divided into three sites: Lekuan I, II and III.
Together they represent the park's best. Steep walls are marked with
deep crevices, sea fans and giant sponges. The shallows are filled with
fishes. The wall, often protected from stronger currents, is frequented
by bumphead parrotfish, turtles, and Napoleon wrasses. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Mandolin </i></b>Mandolin
has a knockout reef crest and a wall that attracts thousands of fishes
like schooling fusiliers, surgeonfish, unicornfish, and bannerfish. They
are acclimated to divers and are easily approachable. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Bunaken Timor </i></b>There
are strong currents and lots of fishes on this long wall. The shallow
reef isn't as spectacular as some but there are turtles, sharks, eagle
rays, and other big fishes in the blue. Overhangs and small caves mark
the wall. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Tanjung Kopi</i></b> <br />Tanjung
Kopi is a nice wall with a small school of barracuda and lots of
sweetlips. Visibility in the shallows is not terrific but the numbers of
fishes make up for it. Nudibranches and fire gobies are easy to spot
here. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Siladen Island</i></b> <br />Siladen
has a beautiful wall of soft corals that bloom when the current is
running. The shallows are nice with lots of fishes and schooling
snappers. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Muka Gereja </i></b>Muka Gereja is a pretty site with thousands of fishes in the shallows and deeper canyons that lead to the wall. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Barracuda Point </i></b>Barracuda
Point, on northwest Montehage, is one of the furthest sites. A school
of giant barracuda are regulars along with jacks and tuna. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Manado Wreck</i></b> <br />This
60m (200ft) long German merchant ship sank near Molas Beach in 1942. It
sits upright with the bow at 23m (78ft). The ship is split near
amidships back to the stern, exposing the wheelhouse and cargo holds.
Dives finish up on a nearby shallow reef. Expect 10-15m (30-50ft)
visibility. </span></div>
</li>
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<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Getting There"><b>Getting There</b></a></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Bunaken
Island is easily reached from Manado by motorized outrigger boat start
from Manado harbor, Molas, Kalasey and Tasik Ria beaches. The public
boats from Manado to Bunaken are leaving daily around 2 p.m (depending
on tide), except Sundays, from Pasar Jengki near Manado harbor. Back
from Bunaken to Manado usually early in the morning, around 7-8 a.m</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Where to Stay"><b>Where to Stay</b></a></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">On the island you have the choice amongst a number of homestays, with rates starting at<br />Rp.
40 000 per day and person including full board. Some of the dive
operations on Bunaken are offering more up-market accommodation, and
even running water.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Moving Around"><b>Moving Around</b></a></b></span></div>
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<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">You can explore the land on foot. And you can use a boat to move from one dive sites to another sites.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Dining Guide"><b>Dining Guide</b></a></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">There
are several of restaurants and cafes throughout Manado and the islands.
Try their specialties: seafood, bubur manado and food made of coconuts!</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Souvenir Tips"><b>Souvenir Tips</b></a></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Sea-related products, such as items made of seashells, corals, etc</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Other Things to See or Do"><b>Other Things to See or Do</b></a></b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Diving, swimming, and snorkeling.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Walking around on the beach.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Sampling the tempting seafood cuisine.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Ornithologists and amateur bird-watchers might find visiting Tangkoko Dua Sudara Nature Reserve entertaining.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Travel Tips"><b>Travel Tips</b></a></b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Entrance
tags and tickets can be purchased through marine tourism operators
based in Manado and in the Bunaken National Park, or can be purchased
from one of three ticket counters in Bunaken and Liang villages on
Bunaken Island and on Siladen Island;</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">You
should be aware that during the absolute peak season months July and
August it usually gets VERY busy. Many of the better resorts and dive
operators will not be able to accept walk-ins during that time since
they are fully booked. Better make a reservation before;</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Try
to hire equipment from larger firms as these tend to be more reliable,
but remember the responsibility of checking the equipment is ultimately
yours.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-49646325471987390422019-10-10T14:42:00.000-07:002019-10-10T14:42:04.521-07:00Dive in Banda IslandsBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
<br /><div align="justify">
<b>The Banda Islands</b>
are one of Indonesias top destinations for divers. Both experts and
beginners will enjoy themselves here, as the diving ranges from the
shallow lagoon between Banda Neira and Gunung Api to the vertical walls
of Hatta Island, the most easterly in the group. The Bandas offer
stunning tropical scenery, a remarkable history, friendly villages, and
some of the globe's most pristine, biologically diverse coral reefs.
Scuba is new here, but the pioneering divers didn't have to work hard
for their thrills. The undersea world around Ambon and th</div>
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e nearby island of Saparua have top-rate dive sites.
Highlights among reef walls here are the presence of large marine life -
sharks, enormous turtles, schools of Napoleon Wrasse, giant groupers,
tuna, rays, and huge lobsters - neighbors to generous schools of reef
fish.<div align="justify">
The Banda Islands, about 132 kilometers
southeast of Ambon, consists of three larger islands and seven smaller
ones, perched on the rim of Indonesia's deepest sea, the Banda Sea. Near
the island Manuk, the water reaches a depth of more than 6,500 meters.
Of the three biggest islands Banda, Banda-Neira and Gunung Api, the
first two are covered with nutmeg trees and other vegetation. The third
however, is entirely bare and highly volcanic. The seas around Banda are
the site of the famous Maluku sea gardens with their bright corals and
colorful fish darting through the crystal- clear waters and makes it
suited to dive, snorkel or even just sightseeing. </div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b>The Banda Islands Dive Sites :</b></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><i>Sonegat :</i></b>
The nearest site for a decent dive is just five minutes by boat from
the hotels. It is in the sonegat-sea arm- between Banda Neira and Gunung
Api, just offshore from a little seaside house owned by Des Alwi, the
Bandas most famous son. The drop off here is steep and the wall extends
down 25 meters to a grey, sandy bottom. There were few fish around, but a
good sized dogtooth tuna cruised by and some beautiful blue girdled and
emperor angelfish.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><i>Keraka Island:</i></b>
Pulau Keraka or Crab Island is just a few minutes further out, and
protects the north entrance of the Neira " Gunung Api sea passage. A
nice sandy stretch on the north coast is perfect for picnic. At the
south shore, there are some 18 meters down a mini-wall covered with
hundreds of large blue-and-yellow tunicates. To the east shore, you may
see at 10 meters a good assortment of reef fish and a school of half
meter long barracudas.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><i>Sjahrir Island and Batu Kapal:</i></b>
Sjahrir Island or formerly known as Pisang Island (Banana Island) and
Batu Kapal (Boat Stone) are just 20 minutes by boat from the hotels on
Banda Neira. These two sites combine well for a morning dive, a picnic
on the beach, and an afternoon dive.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><i>Gunung Api:</i></b>
In May 1988, the explosion from this mountain has killed of most of the
off-shore coral formations around Gunung Api, but amazingly spared many
sponges. Some corals are beginning to to grow back, but by and large
the seascape remains bleak. There are no walls off Gunung Api. The
bottom slopes gradually to 30-35 meters.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><i>Lontar Island:</i></b> The outer edge of Lontar Island, which represents part of the rim of a sunken caldera, offers several good dive sites.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><i>Batu Belanda:</i></b>
On this site, you will find many barrel and tube sponges and small
caves and cracks. The fish were varied and plentiful: a school of
snappers, large emperor and blue-girdled angelfish, wrasses, a large
pinnate bat-fish and numerous bannerfish</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><i>Ai Island:</i></b>
Together with Hatta Island, this island offers Bandas best diving. Both
the north coast and the south "west of Ai are ringed with flawless
coral walls, which are rugged and full of caves, the kind of habitat
that harbors fish.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><i>Hatta Island:</i></b>
Hatta Island is about 25 km by sea from Banda Neira. Skaru atoll, a
barely submerged reef a few hundred meters off the southern point of
Hatta. On a coral outcrop, watch the passing parade of Unicornfish,
Fusiliersm Jack Fish and Rainbow Runners, often seen Whitetip Sharks
(almost 2 meters) and Dogtoothed Tuna, Napolean Wrasse, and Hawksbill
Turtles.</div>
<div align="justify">
</div>
<div align="justify">
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Getting There"><b>Getting There</b></a></b></div>
<div align="justify">
To Ambon :usually fly from Denpasar Bali via Ujung Pandang. <br />To Banda Islands :fly from Ambon by small plane/Merpati Airlines. Or you could try this one :<br />Flying
from Ujung Pandang to Ambon. Then you'd have to wait for the ferry
(once every two weeks), and stay at the Bandas for 17 days until the
ferry returned.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Where to Stay"><b>Where to Stay</b></a></b></div>
<div align="justify">
There
are plenty of small, very inexpensive places to stay around Bandas that
you can choose to stay with varied price and facilities</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Moving Around"><b>Moving Around</b></a></b></div>
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<div align="justify">
Many days can be spent
around these lush islands. Spices are still grown here and the local
people still make traditional food and snacks using these once very rare
and sought after spices. Short walks to see the forts left behind by
the Dutch, visits plantations of nutmeg. The trek up Gunung Api will
surely leave a lasting impression with amazing panoramic views if the
islands surrounding Banda Niera.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Dining Guide"><b>Dining Guide</b></a></b></div>
<div align="justify">
There are only a few small restaurants with varied of Indonesian foods.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Souvenir Tips"><b>Souvenir Tips</b></a></b></div>
<div align="justify">
Try to buy some local souvenirs here or traditional foods and snacks.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Other Things to See or Do"><b>Other Things to See or Do</b></a></b></div>
<div align="justify">
For
non divers need not worry about boredom, beside snorkeling in the
lagoon right off Banda Neira, there are tennis courts and go on a short
pleasure trip around Banda Neira. For those who bring their children,
they can swim in calm waters or watch the sharks, fish and turtles in
two enclosures in the lagoon.</div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Travel Tips"><b>Travel Tips</b></a></b></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="justify">
Diving is possible all year round, but the monsoon may restrict your choice of dive sites from July to September,</div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
Diving
is usually comfortable, with good visibility and calm waters, but some
of the dive sites are subject to conditions that make them suitable for
experienced divers only,</div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
Don't forget to equipped yourself with diving equipments, surf board and snorkel,</div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
Try
to hire equipment from larger firms as these tend to be more reliable,
but remember the responsibility of checking the equipment is ultimately
yours.</div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
Bring a bathing suit and extra clothings.</div>
</li>
</ul>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-45288507932494007632019-10-07T16:26:00.000-07:002019-10-07T16:26:23.437-07:00The Komodo Islands: Diving & Visit the Dragon<span style="font-size: large;">Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum</span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">The islands of the Komodo Dragon: Rinca & Komodo
Islands are part of the complex of 175 islands (about 90% unhabitant),
situated 200 nautical miles east of Bali, between the islands of Flores
and Sumbawa. Both above and below the sea Komodo represents a unique
range of geological and biological diversity. On shore it is an amazing
museum diorama of the Mesozoic era dry tundra and reptilian supremacy.
Komodo's symbol of international fame its dragons, the world's largest
living lizard.</span><br />
<br />
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">In the sea
it's vibrant color and exotic life will enchant divers and snorkelers
alike as endless schools of fish ride the waterways rushing up from deep
sea vents, below them the seabed is covered with a thick carpet of
florescent corals and marine invertebrates - an underwater photographers
paradise.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">The waters that
surround the island are turbulent and teeming with unparalled marine
life. A marine reserve has recently been established and this reserve is
largely undocumented and remains unexplored. Komodo National Park was
established in 1980. It was declared as a Man and Biosphere Reserve and a
World Heritage Site in 1986. KNP includes three major islands - Komodo,
Rinca and Padar and numerous smaller islands together totaling 41,000
ha of land contains 132,000 ha of marine waters. </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">The
corals in Komodo National park are pristine, with Mantas, sharks,
turtles, dolphins, dugong, many pelagics, to the tiny pygmy seahorses,
nudibranchs, frog fish, you name it we've got it. The sites vary from
gentle easy coral slopes to heart pounding adrenalin rides, from the
warm waters of the Flores Sea in the north to the chillier waters down
south in the Indian Ocean, the underwater terrain is so varied with
sheer cliff walls, pinnacles, sandy flat bottoms, underwater plateaus,
slopes, caves, swim-throughs, channels, all with varying colours, sizes
and types of coral both hard and soft.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>DIVE SITES:</b></span> </div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Bidadari Island </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b>Angel Steps, huge towers of stone, encrusted
with hard and soft corals, covered in nudibranchs, small caves and
overhangs make this a very interesting and beautiful site, Dusky sharks,
humphead parrot fish are among the bigger creatures we see here.
Cathedral Coral, a gentle slope covered with table corals of every
colour and schooling fish, a towering spire of coral with a small cave
at it's base is the home to some huge lobsters. </span><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Sabolon </b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Sabolon kecil</b>
a slope on the east side of this tiny island, with two underwater
mounds at the southern end with fields of garden eels and sea pens,
schools of round bat fish are often seen coming quite close for some
nice photography. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Sabolon Besar</b>
steep slopes off the southern and western sides of the bigger island,
fabulous coral coverage and a good chance of spotting Scorpion leaf
fish. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Sebayur kecil</b>
walls and slopes of every kind of coral you can imagine, wide variety of
marine life to be seen at this site, mantas often seen. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Tatawa Besar </b>slope
with soft coral garden changing to hard coral along the slope, lots of
shoaling fish, rainbow runners, fuseliers and often turtles and black
tip sharks. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Tatawa Kecil</b>
(current city) as the name implies, this site is washed by very strong
currents, which is why this site is among the many world class sites in
the Komodo National Park, schools of pelagic fish patrol the waters,
best dived at slack tide. </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Batu Bolong</b>A
little further west from current city a small rock outcrop with a hole
through it is the surface mark of another world class site, only to be
dived at slack tide or with a current not long from stopping or starting
to run, these giant slabs of rock which disappear into the depths are
an amazing sight to see, covered with every form of marine life and
patrolled by giant trevally, Napoleon Wrasse, sharks and turtles with
schools of barracuda sweeping in to check out the divers. </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Diving the Komodo National Park provides some fantastic conditions:</b></span> </div>
<ul>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">WATER
TEMPERATURE: 20 - 28 Degrees Celsius (68-85 F) , cooler water is
experienced on the southern sites. Full 3mm wetsuit & hood is
recommended. More active people will prefer a sports suit in northern
sites.</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; height: 186; margin: 5 5 5 5; width: 281;">
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</div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">VISIBILITY:
10 - 50M year round. Traditionally clearer water on northern
sites.CURRENT: Komodo experiences a strong tidal flow. Not all sites are
affected by current. Drift diving is excellent, however during spring
tides some sites are impossible to dive. Particular attention is placed
on diving the correct sites at the most suitable time to ensure optimum
conditions, in accordance with the preferences of the group.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">NIGHT
DIVING: The night diving in Komodo is breathtaking. The sheer beauty,
color and diversity of life makes it a must see for all divers.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">WALLS: There are numerous walls to choose from. Both drift and static wall dives are offered.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">CANYONS: Huge chasms drop thousands of meters, fringed by extraordinary coral gardens.</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">CRITTERS: Found in all locations, however we do offer special sites for encountering unusual marine species. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">OTHERS: Seamounts, fringing reefs, gutters, muck, and sandy locations are also found in the archipelago. </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Getting There"><b>Getting There</b></a></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">By daily flights from: Bali - Labuan Bajo/Komodo Airport - Bali (each 1.5 hours)</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Where to Stay"><b>Where to Stay</b></a></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">You
can contact the above tour operators for more information. You can also
plan to stay in Bali, and spend a whole day for visiting Komodo Island.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Moving Around"><b>Moving Around</b></a></b></span></div>
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<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">On foot. If you join a tour, the tour will see to everything? including the transportation.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Dining Guide"><b>Dining Guide</b></a></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Traditional restaurants and small cafes. </span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Souvenir Tips"><b>Souvenir Tips</b></a></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Wooden carving resembling komodo and other animals.</span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Other Things to See or Do"><b>Other Things to See or Do</b></a></b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Fishing</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Snorkeling in Komodo has one of the world's most famous snorkel sites (Pink Beach)</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Dragon walks</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Nature walks</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Hiking</span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Beach-combing.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Travel Tips"><b>Travel Tips</b></a></b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">Guide Book : Diving Indonesia (a guide to the world's greatest diving), Periplus Action Guide, Kal Muller. </span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="font-size: large;">More
Information about Diving in Komodo Islands you can contact: Adventure
Indonesia, Jakarta Office-Wisma 31 Kemang, 3rd Floor, Jl Raya Kemang 31,
Jakarta 12730. Phone: 62-21-7182250, 7182256, Fax: 62-21-7180438.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-77483369656417950962019-10-04T16:30:00.001-07:002019-10-04T16:30:11.234-07:00 Guest essay: Life after growthBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
<br /><img alt="Manual" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017171848im_/http://www.truthalyzer.com/wp-content/themes/earth_in_hands.jpg" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em;" /> <br />
<strong>Life after growth</strong><br />
by Richard Heinberg<br />
<em><strong>What if the economy doesn’t recover?</strong></em><br />
In 2008 the U.S. economy tripped down a steep, rocky slope.
Employment levels plummeted; so did purchases of autos and other
consumer goods. Property values crashed; foreclosure and bankruptcy
rates bled. For states, counties, cities, and towns; for manufacturers,
retailers, and middle- and low-income families, the consequences
were—and continue to be—catastrophic. Other nations were soon caught up
in the undertow.<br />
<br />
In late 2009 and early 2010, the economy showed some signs of renewed
vigor. Understandably, everyone wants it to get “back to normal.” But
here’s a disturbing thought: What if that is not possible? What if the
goalposts have been moved, the rules rewritten, the game changed? What
if the decades-long era of economic growth based on ever-increasing
rates of resource extraction, manufacturing, and consumption is over,
finished, and done? What if the economic conditions that all of us grew
up expecting to continue practically forever were merely a blip on
history’s timeline?<br />
It’s an uncomfortable idea, but one that cannot be ignored: The
“normal” late-20th century economy of seemingly endless growth actually
emerged from an aberrant set of conditions that cannot be perpetuated.<br />
<br />
That “normal” is gone. One way or another, a “new normal” will emerge
to replace it. Can we build a different, more sustainable economy to
replace the one now in tatters?<br />
Let’s be clear: I believe we are in for some very hard times. The
transitional period on our way toward a post-growth, equilibrium economy
will prove to be the most challenging time any of us has ever lived
through. Nevertheless, I am convinced that we can survive this
collective journey, and that if we make sound choices as families and
communities, life can actually be better for us in the decades ahead
than it was during the heady days of seemingly endless economic
expansion.<br />
In this essay, I would like to share my conclusions on this subject
and the process by which I arrived at them. It’s a bit of a long story,
so please bear with me. First, the conclusions.<br />
<br />
<strong>Four Propositions</strong><br />
The following summary statements are fundamental both to grasping our
current situation and managing our way toward a desirable future:<br />
1. <strong>We have reached the end of economic growth as we have known it.</strong>
The “growth” we are talking about consists of the expansion of the
overall size of the economy (with more people being served and more
money changing hands) and of the quantities of energy and material goods
flowing through it. The economic crisis that began in 2008 was both
foreseeable and inevitable, and that it marks a permanent, fundamental
break from past decades—a period in which economists adopted the
unrealistic view that perpetual economic growth is necessary and also
possible to achieve. As we will see, there are fundamental constraints
to ongoing economic expansion, and the world is beginning to encounter
those constraints. This is not to say the U.S. or the world will never
see another quarter or year of growth relative to the previous year.
Rather, the point is that when the bumps are averaged out, the general
trend-line of the economy (measured in terms of production and
consumption of real goods) will be level or downward rather than upward
from now on.<br />
<br />
2. <strong>The basic factors that will inevitably shape whatever replaces the growth economy are knowable.</strong>
To survive and thrive for long, societies have to operate within the
planet’s budget of sustainably extractable resources. This means that
even if we don’t know exactly what a desirable post-growth economy and
lifestyle will look like, we know enough to begin working toward them.<br />
<br />
3. <strong>It is possible for economies to persist for centuries or millennia with no or minimal growth.</strong>
That is how most economies operated until recent times. If billions of
people through countless generations lived without economic growth, we
can do so as well—now and far into the future. The end of growth does
not mean the end of the world.<br />
<br />
4. <strong>Life in a non-growing economy can be fulfilling, interesting, and secure.</strong>
The absence of growth does not imply a lack of change or improvement.
Within a non-growing or equilibrium economy there can still be a
continuous development of practical skills, artistic expression, and
technology. In fact, some historians and social scientists argue that
life in an equilibrium economy can be superior to life in a fast-growing
economy: while growth creates opportunities for some, it also typically
intensifies competition—there are big winners and big losers, and (as
in most boom towns) the quality of relations within the community can
suffer as a result. Within a non-growing economy it is possible to
maximize benefits and reduce factors leading to decay, but doing so will
require pursuing appropriate goals: instead of more, we must strive for
better; rather than promoting increased economic activity for its own
sake, we must emphasize whatever increases quality of life without
stoking consumption. One way to do this is to reinvent and redefine
growth itself.<br />
The transition to a no-growth economy (or one in which growth is
defined in a fundamentally different way) is inevitable, but it will go
much better if we plan for it rather than simply watching in dismay as
institutions we have come to rely upon fail, and then try to improvise a
survival strategy in their absence.<br />
<br />
In effect, we have to create a desirable “new normal” that fits the
constraints imposed by depleting natural resources. Maintaining the “old
normal” is not an option; if we do not find new goals for ourselves and
plan our transition from a growth-based economy to a healthy
equilibrium economy, we will by default create a much less desirable
“new normal” whose emergence we are already beginning to see in the
forms of persistent high unemployment, a widening gap between rich and
poor, and ever more frequent and worsening financial and environmental
crises—all of which translate to profound distress for individuals,
families, and communities.<br />
<br />
<strong>‘Limits to Growth’</strong><br />
The journey that led to my formulating these propositions began in
1972, when a book called Limits to Growth was making headlines. This
relatively compact volume, which went on to become the best-selling
environmental book of all time, provoked the first Great Wake-up Call of
my adult life, changing the course of everything I have thought and
done ever since.<br />
Let me explain why Limits to Growth impacted me so deeply.<br />
<br />
That book, which reported on the first attempts to use computers to
model the likely interactions between trends in resources, consumption,
and population, was also the first major scientific study to question
the assumption that economic growth can and will continue more or less
uninterrupted into the foreseeable future.<br />
<br />
The idea was heretical at the time—and still is: during the past few
decades, growth has become virtually the sole index of national economic
well-being. When the economy grows, jobs appear, investments yield high
returns, and everyone is happy. When the economy stops growing,
financial bloodletting ensues. And so predictably a book saying that
growth cannot and will not continue beyond a certain point proved
profoundly upsetting in some quarters, and soon Limits to Growth was
prominently “debunked” by public relations efforts organized by
pro-growth business interests. In reality, this “debunking” merely
amounted to taking a few numbers in the book completely out of context,
citing them as “predictions” (which they explicitly were not), and then
claiming that these predictions had failed. The ruse was quickly
exposed, but rebuttals often don’t gain nearly as much publicity as
accusations, and so today millions of people mistakenly believe that the
book was long ago discredited. In fact, the original Limits to Growth
scenarios have held up quite well*.<br />
<br />
In principle, the argument for eventual limits to growth is a
slam-dunk. If any quantity grows steadily by a certain fixed percentage
per year, this implies that it will double in size every so-many years;
the higher the percentage growth rate, the quicker the doubling. A rough
method of figuring doubling times is known as the rule of 70: dividing
the percentage growth rate into 70 gives the approximate time required
for the initial quantity to double. If a quantity is growing at 1
percent per year, it will double in 70 years; at 2 percent per year
growth, it will double in 35 years; at 5 percent growth, it will double
in only 14 years, and so on. If you want to be more precise, you can use
the Y^x button on your calculator, but the rule of 70 works fine for
most purposes.<br />
<br />
Here’s a real-world example: Over the past two centuries, human
population has grown at rates ranging from less than one percent to more
than two percent per year. In 1800, world population stood at about one
billion; by 1930 it had doubled to two billion. Only 30 years later (in
1960) it had doubled again to four billion; currently we are on track
to achieve a third doubling, to eight billion humans, around 2025. No
one seriously expects human population to continue growing for centuries
into the future. But imagine if it did—at just 1.3 percent per year
(its growth rate in the year 2000). By the year 2780 there would be 148
trillion humans on Earth—one person for each square meter of land on the
planet’s surface.<br />
It won’t happen, of course.<br />
In nature, growth always slams up against non-negotiable constraints
sooner or later. If a species finds that its food source has expanded,
its numbers will increase to take advantage of those surplus
calories—but then its food source will become depleted as more mouths
consume it, and its predators will likewise become more numerous (more
tasty meals for them!). Population “blooms” (that is, periods of rapid
growth) are always followed by crashes and die-offs. Always.<br />
Here’s another real-world example. In recent years China’s economy
has been growing at eight percent or more per year; that means it is
more than doubling in size every ten years. Indeed, China consumes more
than twice as much coal as it did a decade ago—the same with iron ore
and oil. The nation now has four times as many highways as it did, and
almost five times as many cars. How long can this go on? How many more
doublings can occur before China has used up its key resources—or has
simply decided that enough is enough and has stopped growing?<br />
<br />
It makes sense that economies should follow rules analogous to those
that govern biological systems. Plants and animals tend to grow quickly
when they are young, but then they reach a more or less stable mature
size. In organisms, growth rates are largely controlled by genes. In
economies, growth seems tied to factors such as the availability of
resources—chiefly energy resources (“food” for the industrial system).
During the 20th century, cheap and abundant fossil fuels enabled rapid
economic expansion; at some point, therefore, fossil fuel depletion
could put a brake on growth. It is also possible that industrial wastes
could accumulate to the point that the biological systems that underpin
economic activity (such as forests, crops, and human bodies) begin to
fail.<br />
<br />
But economists generally don’t see things this way. That’s probably
because most current economic theories were formulated during an
anomalous historical period of sustained growth. Economists are merely
generalizing from their experience: they can point to decades of steady
growth in the recent past, and so they simply project that experience
into the future. Moreover, they have ways to explain why modern market
economies are immune to the kinds of limits that constrain natural
systems; the two main ones concern substitution and efficiency.<br />
If a useful resource becomes scarce, its price will rise, and this
creates an incentive for users of the resource to find a substitute. For
example, if oil gets expensive enough, energy companies might start
making liquid fuels from coal. Or they might develop other energy
sources undreamed of today. Economists theorize that this process of
substitution can go on forever. It’s part of the magic of the free
market.<br />
Increasing efficiency means doing more with less. In the U.S., the
number of inflation-adjusted dollars generated in the economy for every
unit of energy consumed has increased steadily over recent decades (the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017171848/http://seekingalpha.com/article/181818-u-s-economic-energy-efficiency-1950-2008"><u>amount of energy, in British Thermal Units, required to produce a dollar of GDP</u></a>
has been dropping steadily, from close to 20,000 BTU per dollar in 1949
to 8,500 BTU in 2008). That’s one kind of economic efficiency. Another
has to do with locating the cheapest sources of materials, and the
places where workers will be most productive and work for the lowest
wages. As we increase efficiency, we use less—of either resources or
money—to do more. That enables more growth.<br />
<br />
Finding substitutes for depleting resources and upping efficiency are
undeniably effective adaptive strategies of market economies.
Nevertheless, the question remains open as to how long these strategies
can continue to work in the real world—which is governed less by
economic theories than by the laws of physics. In the real world, some
things don’t have substitutes, or the substitutes are too expensive, or
don’t work as well, or can’t be produced fast enough. And efficiency
follows a law of diminishing returns: the first gains in efficiency are
usually cheap, but every further incremental gain tends to cost more,
until further gains become prohibitively expensive.<br />
Unlike economists, most physical scientists recognize that growth within any functioning, bounded system has to stop sometime.<br />
<br />
But this discussion has very real implications, because the economy
is not just an abstract concept; it is what determines whether we live
in luxury or poverty; whether we eat or starve. If economic growth ends,
everyone will be impacted, and it will take society years to adapt to
this new condition. Therefore it is important to be able to forecast
whether that moment is close or distant in time.<br />
Hence the Limits to Growth study. The authors fed in data for world
population growth, consumption trends, and the abundance of various
important resources, ran their computer program, and concluded that the
end of growth would probably arrive between 2010 and 2050. Industrial
output and food production would then fall, leading to a decline in
population. (By the way, the Limits to Growth scenario study has been
re-run repeatedly in the years since the original publication, using
more sophisticated software and updated input data. The results were
similar. See Limits to Growth: The 30-Year Update.)<br />
<strong>My Personal Story of Waking Up to Limits</strong><br />
That’s why Limits to Growth meant so much to me when I encountered it
at age 21. I realized that the world in which I had been born, raised,
and educated was headed toward what is politely known as a “historical
discontinuity,” but more colloquially termed “collapse,” “a cliff,” or
“a brick wall.” Millions of young people today are having the same
experience as they learn about climate change. Welcome to the club.<br />
At the time, I had been trying to make my way as a young musician. My
father had been a chemistry and physics teacher, but I had gravitated
toward the arts: after being trained as a classical violinist, I had
taught myself also to play electric guitar.<br />
As I absorbed the implications of Limits to Growth, I realized that
there were more important things than band rehearsals and gigs to attend
to, so I mostly left the music business (though I continue to be an
avid amateur violinist) and began looking for ways to help shift society
toward a more sustainable path. I became a freelance writer-editor and
started pursuing projects I thought might lead me toward a better
understanding of global trends and of how our species might avert an
overwhelming economic and environmental disaster.<br />
It was clear that society would need to undertake fundamental
changes. But what were those changes, exactly? I thought the best way to
find out would be to form an intentional community as a kind of social
laboratory in which to explore alternatives in energy, food production,
and lifestyles. I ended up spending most of the next 20 years living in
three communities—one in Toronto that I helped establish, and others in
Colorado and southern California that had already been going for some
time before I joined. Intentional communities (sometimes also known as
communes, with many now thriving under the banner of “eco-villages”) are
a fascinating social phenomenon, and hundreds still flourish worldwide.<br />
By the early 1990s, I was eager to reconnect with mainstream society
and bring what I had learned to a wider audience. My wife, Janet
Barocco, and I had met in an intentional community in southern
California; together we moved to a suburban home in Santa Rosa. By the
latter years of the decade I was teaching in a college program on
sustainability that I had helped initiate and design, while also
continuing to make my way as a freelance environmental writer.<br />
It was at this point, in 1998, that I heard a second Great Wake-up Call.<br />
<strong>Peak Oil</strong><br />
It came in the form of an <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017171848/http://dieoff.org/page140.htm"><u>article in Scientific American</u></a>
by veteran petroleum geologists Colin Campbell and Jean Laherrère (both
of whom had overseen exploration and production in major oil
companies), explaining why world oil extraction would reach a maximum
around 2010 and begin its permanent decline thereafter. I quickly
realized that Peak Oil would likely be the first non-negotiable global
limit to growth. The hazy forecast that industrial society would hit a
wall sometime in the 21st century was suddenly focused to a painful
specificity. Growth had acquired a hard expiration date.<br />
Of course, oil does not pose our only societal limit, or even the
most important one in the bigger scheme of things: climate, water, and
topsoil are clearly more crucial in the long run. But the peaking of
world oil production could potentially bring modern industrial
civilization to its knees, while also undercutting coordinated efforts
to deal with all sorts of other problems.<br />
<br />
Up to this point I had little interest in the subject of oil, or
energy generally. However, as I re-read the Scientific American article,
I realized the pivotal role petroleum plays in the modern world—in
transportation, agriculture, and the chemicals and materials industries.
I began spending hours each day studying energy history and oil
production statistics. I soon realized that the Industrial Revolution
was really the Fossil Fuel Revolution, and that our modern food system
is based on cheap fossil energy. Further, the entire phenomenon of
continuous economic growth—including the development of the financial
institutions that facilitate growth, such as fractional reserve banking
and the marketing of derivatives—is ultimately based on ever-increasing
supplies of cheap energy. Growth requires more manufacturing, more
trade, and more transport, and those all in turn require more energy.
This means that if energy supplies can’t expand and energy therefore
becomes significantly more expensive, economic growth will falter and
the financial system built on expectations of perpetual growth will
fail, possibly in a rather spectacular way.<br />
As early as 1998, Campbell, Laherrère, and others were discussing a
Peak Oil impact scenario that went like this. Sometime around the year
2010, they theorized, stagnant or falling oil supplies would lead to
soaring and more volatile petroleum prices, which would precipitate a
global economic crash. This rapid economic contraction would in turn
lead to sharply curtailed energy demand, so oil prices would then fall;
but as soon as the economy regained strength, demand for oil would
recover, prices would again soar, and the economy would relapse. This
cycle would continue, with each recovery phase being shorter and weaker,
and each crash deeper and harder, until the economy was in ruins.
Meanwhile, volatile oil prices would frustrate investments in energy
alternatives: one year, oil would be so expensive that almost any other
energy source would look cheap by comparison; the next year, the price
of oil would have fallen so far that energy users would be flocking back
to it, with investments in other energy sources looking foolish.
Investment capital would be in short supply in any case because the
banks would be insolvent due to the crash, and governments would be
broke due to declining tax revenues. Meanwhile, international
competition for dwindling oil supplies might lead to wars between
petroleum importing nations, between importers and exporters, and
between rival factions within exporting nations.<br />
<br />
Naturally, I also examined the arguments against the likelihood of a
near-term peak in global oil production. What if Campbell and Laherrère
were simply wrong? There are those who claim that new technologies for
crude oil extraction will increase the amount of oil that can be
obtained from each well drilled, and that there are nearly endless
reserves of alternative hydrocarbon resources (principally tar sands and
oil shale) whose development will seamlessly replace conventional oil,
thus delaying the inevitable peak for decades. There are also those who
say that Peak Oil won’t be much of a problem even if it happens soon,
because the market will find substitutes as quickly as needed—whether
electric cars, hydrogen, or liquid fuel made from coal. I found all of
these arguments weak: the new oil extraction technologies won’t come
into wide use for several years, and will be applicable mostly to newly
developed fields (of which there are fewer and fewer each year as
exploration efforts continue to show mostly disappointing results), not
to the old super-giant oilfields that produce the great bulk of oil that
we use today. Tar sands and oil shale will be slow to extract; indeed,
in the case of oil shale, we may never derive liquid fuels in any
substantial quantity due to the enormous costs of processing this very
low-grade material. And substitutes like electric cars, liquids from
coal, and hydrogen will take a very long time to develop and will in
most cases be much more costly than the equivalent elements of our
current system of petroleum fuels and internal combustion engines.<br />
<br />
I continued to study the world energy situation for the next few
years. And, with every passing year, events appeared to be supporting
the Peak Oil thesis and undercutting the views of the oil optimists. Oil
prices were trending upward—and for entirely foreseeable reasons:
discoveries of new oilfields were continuing to peter out, with most new
fields being much more difficult and expensive to develop than ones
found in previous years. More oil-producing countries were seeing their
extraction rates peaking and beginning to decline despite efforts to
maintain production growth using high-tech, expensive secondary and
tertiary extraction methods like the injection of water, nitrogen, or
CO2 to force more oil out of the ground. Production decline rates in the
world’s old, super-giant oilfields, which are responsible for the
lion’s share of the global petroleum supply, were accelerating.
Production of liquid fuels from tar sands was expanding only slowly,
while the development of oil shale remained a hollow promise for the
distant future.<br />
<br />
I corresponded with and met the authors of the Scientific American
article, and interviewed other petroleum geologists and engineers. One
expert after another offered further reasons for concluding that the
thesis of “The End of Cheap Oil” was correct, that there were no ready
substitutes for crude oil, and that the consequences of a near-term
global oil production peak would be profound.<br />
Given the almost complete absence of mainstream media coverage of the
subject, I spent several months assessing whether I should step into
the breach and write a book on Peak Oil. The fact that I had no
background in the oil industry or in any relevant academic field weighed
against doing so. Yet the need was clearly overwhelming, so I decided
to try. I spent 2001 and 2002 writing The Party’s Over: Oil, War and the
Fate of Industrial Societies, which was published the following year
and went on to sell over 50,000 copies with translations in six
languages. I began receiving lecture invitations, and, over the next few
years, gave over 300 talks to a wide variety of audiences in a dozen
countries. More books followed: PowerDown: Options and Actions for a
Post Carbon World (2004); The Oil Depletion Protocol: A Plan to Avert
Oil Wars, Terrorism and Economic Collapse (2006); Peak Everything:
Waking Up to the Century of Declines (2007); and Blackout: Coal, Climate
and the Last Energy Crisis (2009).<br />
<br />
I was determined to sound a warning not just to the general public,
but especially to politicians and appointed government officials.
Members of a burgeoning informal global network of Peak Oil activists
arranged for me speak to hundreds of national, state, and local
politicians and appointed officials in the U.S., to about a hundred
members of the European Parliament, and to national Parliamentarians in
the U.K., Australia, and New Zealand.<br />
<strong>From Scary Theory to Scarier Reality</strong><br />
Then in 2008, the Peak Oil scenario became all too real. Global oil
production had been stagnant since 2005 and petroleum prices had been
soaring upward. In July, 2008, the per-barrel price shot up nearly to
$150—half again higher (in inflation-adjusted terms) than the price
spikes of the 1970s that had triggered the worst recession since World
War II. By summer 2008, the auto industry, the trucking industry,
international shipping, agriculture, and the airlines were all reeling.<br />
But what happened next riveted the world’s attention to such a degree
that the oil price spike was all but forgotten: in September 2008, the
global financial system nearly collapsed. The reasons for this sudden,
gripping crisis apparently had to do with housing bubbles, lack of
proper regulation of the banking industry, and the over-use of bizarre
financial products that almost nobody understood. However, there are
reasons for concluding that the oil price spike was a much more
important contributor to this economic meltdown than is generally
discussed (see <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017171848/http://www.energybulletin.net/node/49798"><u>www.energybulletin.net/node/49798</u></a>).<br />
In the aftermath of that global financial near-death experience, both
the Peak Oil impact scenario proposed a decade earlier and the Limits
to Growth standard-run scenario of 1972 seemed to be confirmed with
uncanny and frightening accuracy. Global trade was falling. The world’s
largest auto companies were on life support. The U.S. airline industry
had shrunk by almost a third. Food riots were erupting in poor nations
around the world. Lingering wars in Iraq (the nation with the world’s
second-largest crude oil reserves) and Afghanistan (the site of disputed
oil and gas pipeline projects) continued to bleed the coffers of the
world’s foremost oil-importing nation.<br />
Meanwhile, the debate about what to do to rein in global climate
change exemplified the political inertia that had kept the world on
track for calamity since the early ’70s. It had by now become obvious to
nearly every person of modest education and intellect that the world
has two urgent, incontrovertible reasons to rapidly end its reliance on
fossil fuels: the twin threats of climate catastrophe and impending
constraints to fuel supplies (with most of the remaining oil reserves
located in just a few countries). Yet at the Copenhagen climate
conference in December, 2009, the priorities of the most fuel-dependent
nations were clear: carbon emissions should be cut, and fossil fuel
dependency reduced, but only if doing so does not threaten economic
growth.<br />
The cruel irony, obvious to my Peak Oil-aware colleagues but
apparently not to the delegates at Copenhagen, was that the decades-long
era of rapid economic growth based on increased fossil-fueled
production and consumption is over anyway. The world’s last chance to
collectively, cooperatively negotiate a turn away from the precipice was
being squandered for the sake of a goal that was no longer achievable.<br />
I could take no satisfaction from these confirmations of the Limits
to Growth and Peak Oil scenarios; being able to say “I told you so”
hardly made up for the shock of knowing that our last opportunities to
change direction had been missed and that the train of industrial
civilization was now not merely still chugging toward a broken bridge,
but was actually starting to plummet into the gorge below. We had
succeeded somewhat in helping increase public awareness of an issue: due
to the efforts of thousands of scientists, writers, and activists,
“peak oil” had become a recognizable term in public discourse. But we
had failed to budge government policy in more than very minor ways (I
had, for example, assisted the City Council-appointed Peak Oil Task
Force of Oakland, California, which produced a sensible report on which,
so far, little action has been taken).<br />
The world has entered a new era. The project of awakening and warning
policy makers and the general public was worthy of the investment of
all the effort we could muster. In fact, it would have been negligent of
the Limits to Growth authors, Colin Campbell, Jean Laherrère, and
thousands of climate and environmental scientists and activists (myself
included) not to give it our best shot. But it is now too late to avert a
collapse of the existing system. The collapse has begun.<br />
It is time for a different strategy.<br />
By saying this, I am not suggesting that we should all simply give up
and accept an inevitable, awful fate. Even though the collapse of the
world’s financial and industrial systems has started, effort now at
minimizing further dire consequences is essential. Collapse does not
mean extinction. A new way of life will almost certainly emerge from the
wreckage of the fossil-fueled growth era. It is up to those of us who
have some understanding of what is happening, and why, to help design
that new way of life so that it will be sustainable, equitable, and
fulfilling for all concerned. We all need practical strategies and tools
to weather the collapse and to build the foundation of whatever is to
come after.<br />
<strong>Journey to a New Economy</strong><br />
The propositions described above, and my personal journey, are the
starting points for a search that can be summarized in a single
question: What are the guideposts toward a livable, inviting post-growth
society?<br />
This search has in many instances entailed a literal, geographic
journey. During the past few years, as I traveled the lecture circuit, I
met thousands of people who had already concluded on their own that the
global stage was being set for an economic crash of epic proportions.
They had passed through the psychological stages of grief—denial, anger,
bargaining, depression, and acceptance. They were thinking creatively,
building new lives, and experimenting with a wide range of strategies
for meeting basic human needs while using much less of just about
everything.<br />
Some of these folks, like me, had been thinking along these lines for
a long time—since the 1970s. Many were much younger, though, had
learned about Peak Oil or climate change just within the past few years,
and had recently decided to devote their lives to building a
post-hydrocarbon world. Some were clearly members of what was known in
the 1970s as the “counterculture.” Others were mainstream
citizens—investment bankers, real estate sellers, high school teachers,
small business owners, corporate middle managers—who had chanced upon
information that awakened them forcibly from their routines. Many of
these folks lived in large cities, but others in small towns or on
farms; some were rich, some poor (a few by choice); some were devout,
others agnostic or atheist; some were working alone on survivalist
projects, while others were building community organizations; some saw
the transition as a business opportunity while others were working
through non-profit organizations. Here are just three examples that
stand out.<br />
In 2005, while on a lecture tour in Ireland, I met a young college
teacher named Rob Hopkins who believed that life could be better without
fossil fuels. He had led his students in developing an “Energy Descent
Action Plan” for their town, and believed he had the seed for something
larger and more significant. He soon moved back to his native England to
earn his Ph.D., and designed his thesis project around helping the
village of Totnes begin a cooperative, phased process of transitioning
away from its dependence on fossil fuels. This project in turn led to
the start of a series of Transition Initiatives in villages, towns, and
neighborhoods throughout the U.K. In 2007, a version of Rob’s written
Ph.D. thesis was published as a book (The Transition Handbook) that
quickly began inspiring others to take up this strategy. Today there are
hundreds of Transition Initiatives at various stages of development in a
dozen countries (including over 50 in the U.S.).<br />
While in Montana for a speaking engagement at the University of
Montana in Helena in spring 2009, some local Peak Oil activists drove me
to the town of Ronan and introduced me to Billie Lee, who had helped
start Mission Mountain Food Enterprise Center. The Center is housed in a
fairly small, non-descript building and features medium-scale food
processing equipment that local small food producers can rent at
reasonable rates. This enables small farmers to produce value-added
products (everything from canned soups to herbal tea bags) that are
profitable and are price-competitive with those made by industrial food
companies located hundreds or thousands of miles from Ronan. Local food
has become an obsession for the sustainability-minded during the past
few years, and local food systems will be a necessary pillar of
post-growth economies. Yet aspiring small-scale farmers often have a
hard time getting started because they cannot afford the equipment to
enable them to produce profitable value-added products. Here in the tiny
hamlet of Ronan was an ingenious solution to the problem, and one that
deserves to be replicated in every agricultural county in the nation.<br />
On a trip to New England in 2007, I met Lynn Benander, a community
energy activist and entrepreneur who had started a project called Co-op
Power to bring renewable energy to low-income and multi-ethnic
communities throughout the Northeast. Typically, renewable energy
projects cost more to get going than conventional coal or gas power
projects, and so they tend to be found in wealthier communities and
regions. Conversely, the most polluting energy projects tend to be sited
in or near poor neighborhoods or regions. Co-op Power aims to change
that imbalance of power—in a way that any community can copy. A typical
project: You help four people put up a solar hot water system and
everyone comes to help you put up yours; you save 40 to 50 percent off
your total system price, get to know your neighbors, and learn how your
system works. Co-op Power had also pioneered a cooperative financing
method that cuts through the usual roadblocks to renewable energy
projects in poorer neighborhoods by leveraging member equity.<br />
Individually, these initiatives and projects may seem to be on too
small a scale to make much of a difference. But multiplied by thousands,
with examples in nearly every community, they represent a quiet yet
powerful movement.<br />
Few of these efforts have gained national media attention. Most media
commentators who address economic issues are focused on the
prospects—positive or negative—of the existing growth-based economy.
These projects don’t seem all that important within that framework of
thinking. But in the new context of the no-growth economy, they may mean
the difference between ruinous poverty and happy sufficiency.<br />
The trends are already in evidence: as the financial crisis worsens,
more people are planting gardens, and seed companies are working hard to
keep up with the demand. More young people are taking up farming now
than in any recent decade. In 2008, more bicycles were sold in the U.S.
than automobiles (not good news for the struggling car companies, but
great news for the climate). And since the crisis started, Americans
have been spending much less on non-essentials—repairing and re-using
rather than replacing and adding.<br />
Many economists assume these trends are short-term and that Americans
will return to consumerism as economic crisis shifts into recovery. But
if there is no “recovery” in the usual sense, then these trends will
only grow.<br />
This is what the early adopters are assuming. They believe that the
nation and the world have turned a corner. They understand something the
media either ignore or deny. They’re betting on a future of local food
systems, not global agribusiness; of community credit co-ops rather than
too-big-to-fail Wall Street megabanks; of small-scale renewable energy
projects, not a world-spanning system of fossil-fuel extraction, trade,
and consumption. A future in which we do for ourselves, share, and
cooperate.<br />
They’re embarking on a life after growth.<br />
* * *<br />
The realization that growth is at an end raises many questions. Will
the financial impact be inflationary or deflationary? Will some nations
fare better than others, leading to protectionist trade wars? Will the
“down-sizing” of social and economic complexity lead also to a
substantial die-off of the human species? How quickly will all of this
happen?<br />
There simply are no hard and fast answers to such questions. The
financial, energy, food, transport, and political systems on which we
rely are complex, so it is almost impossible to reliably model their
response to a shock such as a resource limits-imposed end to economic
growth. The only reasonable response, it seems to me, is to act as if
survival is possible, and to build resilience throughout society as
quickly as can be, acting locally wherever there are individuals or
groups with the understanding and wherewithal. We must assume that a
satisfactory, sustainable way of life is achievable in the absence of
fossil fuels and conventional economic growth, and go about building it.
This will be the focus of my work from now on—and it is likely to be
the work of the next few generations as well. Call it Transition, call
it cultural survival and renewal, call it what you will, it is the only
game in town for the foreseeable future.<br />
<br />
* A recent study by Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) concluded, “[Our] <a href="http://www.csiro.au/files/files/plje.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><u>analysis shows that 30 years of historical data compares favorably</u></a> with key features of [the Limits to Growth] business-as-usual scenario….”<br />
* * *<br />
<em>Richard Heinberg is the author of nine books including:</em><br />
<em>
• Blackout: Coal, Climate, and the Last Energy Crisis (2009)<br />
• Peak Everything: Waking Up to the Century of Declines (2007)<br />
• The Oil Depletion Protocol: A Plan to Avert Oil Wars, Terrorism and Economic Collapse (2006)<br />
• Powerdown: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World (2004)<br />
• The Party’s Over: Oil, War and the Fate of Industrial Societies (2003)<br />
</em><em>He is Senior Fellow-in-Residence of the Post Carbon
Institute and is widely regarded as one of the world’s foremost Peak Oil
educators. He has authored scores of essays and articles and appeared
in many film and television documentaries.</em><br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-88140281856959669172019-10-03T15:42:00.004-07:002019-10-10T16:00:11.515-07:00Searching for intelligent life on Earth and beyondBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
<br />
<div class="post_text">
<img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="484" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548im_/http://www.truthalyzer.com/wp-content/themes/milkyway_illus.jpg" width="720" /><br />
Sometimes I wonder if Earth’s leading candidate for an “intelligent” species, is really any <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://www.truthalyzer.com/?p=1816"><u>smarter than yeast</u></a>.
For the purposes of this post, however, I’ll concede that humans
qualify as intelligent, because my subject today is extraterrestrial
intelligence. <i><b>Does our failure to find even one other
civilization in the cosmic expanse tell us anything about the chances
our civilization will survive? It just might.</b></i><br />
When it comes to searching for alien civilizations, scientists are of
two minds. Their intellectual curiosity spurs them to make
extraordinary efforts not only to discover such civilizations but to
make contact. But their cautious nature causes them to worry about the
consequences. The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://science.howstuffworks.com/voyager.htm/printable"><u>Voyager</u></a>
space probes contain messages to aliens about our civilization, even
maps that could lead them back to our planet. And in addition to the
outpouring of radio and television transmissions we inadvertently send
into space, some scientists have purposely <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18417-earth-calling-a-short-history-of-radio-messages-to-et.html?full=true"><u>transmitted messages</u></a>
to deep space in an attempt to make contact with aliens. However, no
less an authority than Sir James Lovell, founder of the Jodrell Bank
Observatory, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/meet-the-neighbours-is-the-search-for-aliens-such-a-good-idea-454511.html"><u>reportedly</u></a>
said about aliens who might receive such messages, “It’s an assumption
that they will be friendly — a dangerous assumption.” Others have echoed
his concerns. Our own planet’s history of first contacts between
civilizations should give us pause about contacting extraterrestrials.
As Stephen Hawking puts it, “If aliens ever visit us, I think the
outcome would be much as when Christopher Columbus first landed in
America, which didn’t turn out very well for the American Indians.” A
“visit” by a sufficiently advanced civilization might not be
distinguishable from an invasion.<br />
<br />
But it’s not alien invasion that is my concern; it’s <u>The Fermi Paradox</u>.
In 1950, Enrico Fermi, Nobel prize-winning physicist, responded to
those who suggested the odds were high that there were other
civilizations in the universe, “So, where is everybody?” In other words,
<i><b>if all it takes to develop intelligent life forms is a
universe billions of years old, mind-bogglingly huge, and full of so
many galaxies, stars, and planets that we can’t count them, then there
should be alien civilizations all over the place and by now we should
have conclusive evidence of their existence. Yet there’s no such
evidence</b></i>. That’s The Fermi Paradox. Some will claim that
UFO reports prove the existence of ETs. They don’t. Conclusive evidence
would be things like intercepting transmissions incontrovertibly from
intelligent ETs, better yet, exchanging messages with an alien
civilization, or best, an alien landing party that makes itself
available for media interviews, meetings with world leaders, and medical
exams. Not likely. Nor is it likely there really are captured flying
saucers and alien corpses in Area 51, in spite of claims from the UFO
crowd.<br />
<br />
In the years following Fermi’s question, scientists have refined
their calculations of the likelihood there’s intelligent life in the
universe. Perhaps the best known equation is the one developed by
astronomer Frank Drake in 1961. <u>The Drake Equation</u>
focuses on our own galaxy, the Milky Way (illustrated above), since
it’s plenty old enough (over 13 billion years), big enough (100,000
light years across by 1,000 light years thick), and crowded enough (over
200 billion stars) to harbor intelligent life. Our civilization is
proof of that. Depending on the values one plugs into each of the
factors in the equation, <i><b>estimates vary from as low as 10 to as high as 20,000 “communicative” civilizations in just this one galaxy</b></i>.
Drake himself came up with an estimate of 10,000 civilizations. At that
rate, there would be many, many more in the billons of galaxies beyond
ours. Astronomers have watched the skies through optical telescopes for
centuries, seeking evidence of intelligent life. More recently, <u>SETI</u>
(search for extraterrestrial intelligence) has utilized radio
telescopes to sample the wide electromagnetic spectrum in hopes of
intercepting intelligent transmissions. There’s no conclusive evidence
to show for these efforts. “So, where is everybody?”<br />
<br />
What worries me about The Fermi Paradox is one of the <u>possible answers</u>. <i><b>The
reason we have not found any evidence of exterrestrial civilizations is
that in every case they have been destroyed too soon for that to occur.</b></i>
Maybe there’s a “cosmic roadblock” that no civilization has been able
to overcome — comet and asteroid impacts, solar flares, gamma ray
bursts, and other external threats, or volcanic eruptions, extreme
changes in the atmosphere and climate, magnetic field shifts, plagues,
and other threats on their home planets. Even worse, some fear, is the
possibility that <i><b>as civilizations advance, there is an inherent risk that they will ultimately destroy themselves — through <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://www.truthalyzer.com/?p=1241"><u>overpopulation</u></a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://www.truthalyzer.com/?p=2069"><u>exhaustion of planetary resources</u></a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://www.truthalyzer.com/?p=3105"><u>out-of-control technology</u></a>, and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://www.truthalyzer.com/?p=2858"><u>warfare</u></a></b></i>.
If so, our failure to find evidence of intelligent life in the universe
would mean that the odds of our own civilization surviving are slim.
(Click <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017172548/http://www.truthalyzer.com/?page_id=80"><u>here</u></a> for evidence that our civilization is indeed destroying itself.)</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-9109180023355813432019-10-02T15:58:00.000-07:002019-10-02T15:58:35.730-07:00 Climate change: Fire or ice?Bismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDlFy3PLljp3XXPqyP6Zjt7xdLiAoD4MtIR6X1JMpDrBzEEhAyAsUeBWghBjO2sNOKCT8Hw-p5EGItX2lc24ATlYbKrul3l6FZh1G09E07w7B57OIERFvj_Ri-LWTPZH5BC6ndOuEyzWA6/s1600/P7232355.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDlFy3PLljp3XXPqyP6Zjt7xdLiAoD4MtIR6X1JMpDrBzEEhAyAsUeBWghBjO2sNOKCT8Hw-p5EGItX2lc24ATlYbKrul3l6FZh1G09E07w7B57OIERFvj_Ri-LWTPZH5BC6ndOuEyzWA6/s400/P7232355.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br /><br />
<em>Fire and Ice </em><br />
<em>
Some say the world will end in fire,<br />
Some say in ice.<br />
From what I’ve tasted of desire<br />
I hold with those who favor fire.<br />
But if it had to perish twice,<br />
I think I know enough of hate<br />
To say that for destruction ice<br />
Is also great<br />
And would suffice. <br />
</em><em>– Robert Frost</em><br />
Although the Earth’s climate has cycled between cold and warm
periods, ice ages have dominated for more than a million years. Without
intervention by man, the mild climate of the current 10,000-year
interglacial period, the Holocene epoch, would surely give way to
another ice age. The central thesis of global warming is that the
Industrial Revolution, which has pumped greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere for 200 years, has overwhelmed natural cycles and tipped the
world into a new and dangerous warming trend.<br />
<br />
Studies by some climatologists indicate human-induced warming began
far earlier than previously thought. Based on physical evidence and
computer climate models, they say that “between 5,000 and 8,000 years
ago, both methane and carbon dioxide started an upward trend, unlike
during previous interglacial periods. . . . The introduction of
large-scale rice agriculture in Asia, coupled with extensive
deforestation in Europe [produced] methane from terraced rice paddies
and carbon dioxide from burning forests. . . . In turn, a warmer
atmosphere heated the oceans making them much less efficient storehouses
of carbon dioxide and reinforcing global warming. . . . The cumulative
effect of thousands of years of human influence on climate is preventing
the world from entering a new glacial age.” Is it possible that
pre-industrial man might have been able to achieve a prolonged Holocene
epoch without consciously trying to do so, but that industrial man will
not be able to prevent runaway global warming, despite taking the most
desperate measures?<br />
<br />
What if mankind’s ticket on spaceship Earth is just for a short
flight, perhaps a million or so years of its multi-billion-year journey.
If so, surely the human passengers could not possibly have a lasting
effect on planetary climate. Aren’t there much more significant, much
longer-term, much more powerful forces at work on the climate that dwarf
the influence of man? Consider the “Milankovitch Theory.” Milutin
Milankovitch compared three cycles of variation in Earth-sun geometry:
the shape of the Earth’s orbit around the sun (eccentricity, a 40,000
year cycle), the angle of Earth’s axis to the plane of Earth’s orbit
(obliquity, a 98,000 year cycle), and the direction of the Earth’s
rotational axis (precession, a 19,000-23,000 year cycle)–three cycles in
which the Earth’s orbit varies from a circle to an oval and during
which it tilts and wobbles like a spinning top–compared to the Earth’s
climatic fluctuations over the last half a million years. He found that
variations and combinations of these three cycles correlated with
extreme variations in Earth’s climate, from ice ages to periods of
warmth, probably because of variations in the amount of solar radiation
reaching Earth.<br />
<br />
In addition to the Milankovitch cycles, there is a 22-year cycle of
sunspots, in which solar radiation output varies, and cycles of cosmic
ray flux and variations in the heliosphere, which occur as the Earth
passes through arms of the Milky Way during the solar system’s 225–250
million year orbit of the galaxy. These, too, have been said to affect
the Earth’s climate. Other forces affecting climate include volcanic
activity, oceanic currents, and asteroid and comet impacts. In the long
run, will the Earth continue to cycle between cold and warm periods,
influenced more by the profound natural forces described above than by
man and his civilization? Yes, it probably will. And just as surely,
those who “say the world will end in fire” will be proven correct, when
the sun, in its old age, becomes a red giant, expanding to engulf the
Earth. So, does that mean it’s pointless for man to take desperate
measures to reduce the level of carbon dioxide and other gasses he pumps
into the atmosphere?<br />
No. What we do may not count in the long run, but it counts now,
during the Holocene epoch, when we and our children and hopefully our
grandchildren (not to mention a myriad of other creatures large and
small) inhabit the Earth. All of the recorded history of our
civilization has occurred during this brief period of climate stability.
If we unleash runaway global warming, it will be of little solace to us
that natural cycles of the Earth, the solar system, or the cosmos may
eventually cool things down again, long after we have passed away.
Billions of years from now, the Earth’s ultimate fate may be to end in
fire, but that does not have to be the fate of our civilization in this,
our 21st century.<br />
<br />
UPDATE: Harsh winters in some areas, stolen emails that suggest some
English climate scientists may have cooked data, and a news reporter’s
error about when Himalayan glaciers may disappear have prompted
“deniers” to claim that the whole case for global warming has been
exposed as a hoax. They’re wrong. In the first place, there’s a big
difference between seasonal local weather and long term worldwide
climate change. Cold weather in one place or another on the planet, or
even an entire year in which average temperatures decrease rather than
increase, does not contradict global climate trends measured over
decades and centuries. Earth’s climate is trending warmer.<br />
<br />
<br />
Secondly, the evidence for global warming does not depend on data
from any one institution. There are many research centers where
scientists collect and analyze climate data, such as the Japan
Meteorological Agency, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency,
Australia’s Climate Change Research Centre, and in the U.S. the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (from whom the chart reproduced here, which plots
mean worldwide temperatures over more than a century, was obtained).
Global warming is not a hoax perpetrated by a university in East Anglia,
UK. It is a fact confirmed by literally thousands of climate
researchers worldwide, many of whom contribute to reports of the United
Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).<br />
<br />
And thirdly, although a reporter’s misquote of a scientist as to when
Himalayan glaciers will disappear was printed in an IPCC report, that
does not invalidate the entire report, nor is there any serious debate
among climate scientists about the fact that the glaciers are indeed
melting rapidly. <br />
[NOTE: A portion of the above post also appears on the "<u>Evidence</u>" page, which provides additional information about the climate crisis and others of the multiple, simultaneous crises we face.]<br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-23366770118676248322019-10-01T18:18:00.001-07:002019-10-01T18:18:44.315-07:00 Gulf oil spill a reminder of our limitsBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
<br /><img alt="Manual" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017165735im_/http://www.truthalyzer.com/wp-content/themes/Rig-Fire2.jpg" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em;" /><br />
“There is only one meaningful response to the horrific oil spill in the
Gulf of Mexico and that is for America to stop messing around when it
comes to designing its energy and environmental future. The only
meaningful response to this man-made disaster is a man-made energy bill
that would finally put in place an American clean-energy infrastructure
that would set our country on a real, long-term path to ending our
addiction to oil. That is so obviously the right thing for our
environment, the right thing for our national security, the right thing
for our economic security and the right thing to promote innovation. But
it means that we have to stop messing around with idiotic ‘drill, baby,
drill’ nostrums, feel-good Earth Day concerts and the paralyzing notion
that the American people are not prepared to do anything serious to
change our energy mix.”<br />
<br />
Those are the best opening lines and that is the most sensible
content of any column Thomas L. Friedman has written for the New York
Times. Well, of the ones I’ve read, anyway. The piece is entitled “No
Fooling Mother Nature,” and I encourage you to read it ,
if only to understand better what might have been. Unfortunately, it’s
written about a decade too late. Even if the leaders of the The United
States of America, Inc. were smart enough to act on it immediately, and
they are not, and the American people were prepared to do something
serious, and they are not, there’s just not enough resources or time
left to do it. Production of oil is declining faster than it can be
replaced with new wells. The finite limits of this and other
non-renewable energy resources are in sight and the consequences of
befouling the atmosphere and poisoning the water and soil are all around
us, obvious to anyone who bothers to look, but we are still pushing the
pedal to the metal. The “drill, baby, drill” mentality behind the Gulf
oil spill is just the latest example of a country, a civilization, stuck
in a short-term mindset, selfishly consuming non-renewable energy and
other natural resources without a thought about the implications for
future generations, incapable of making the hard decisions, the right
decisions, today, because the rewards would be postponed until another
day.<br />
<br />
As Winston Churchill famously said, “You can always rely on the
Americans to do the right thing, after they have exhausted every other
possibility.” In this case, Americans have also exhausted the financial
resources, industrial infrastructure, natural resources, and lead time
necessary to do the right thing, i.e., to convert from oil and other
non-renewable energy sources to a mix of solar, wind, tidal, and other
renewable sources. Now that we have spent, off-shored, outsourced, and
consumed the necessary resources and we have day-dreamed and frittered
away the time necessary to do those things, Tom Friedman is frightened
and angry enough to write a column about it. Too little, too late.<br />
USA, Inc. is dependent on non-renewable resources for almost all of
its energy needs. There are 250 million vehicles in this country that
run on fuel made from oil. Electrical power is generated by coal (48%),
natural gas (21%), nuclear fission (20%), and oil (1%). Of the
renewable energy sources feeding the electrical grid, hydroelectric (6%)
is the primary source, and of the other renewables (3%), which includes
solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass, none contributes over 1%. To
convert this country’s transportation and power generation from
non-renewable to renewable energy sources would take trillions of
dollars and literally decades of time, not to mention immense natural,
industrial, and human resources, as well as strong and visionary
leadership, unprecedented political cooperation, and whole-hearted
public support, effort, and sacrifice.<br />
<br />
If that’s what it takes, we’re in big trouble, because we don’t have
it. So our country and the larger civilization of which it is a part
will have to make do with less and less energy, until the fuel tanks run
dry. By that time, the civilization, or what remains of it, will have
contracted to a size that can be powered by whatever natural resources
are left — like windmills, water wheels, and feet.<br />
Of course, energy is but one of the multiple and simultaneous crises that we face.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908833015607855897.post-70386615279515271272019-09-30T16:10:00.001-07:002019-09-30T16:10:46.083-07:00Garbage PlanetBismillah Assalamu Alaikum<br />
<br />
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<img alt="" class="aligncenter" height="266" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017165940im_/http://www.truthalyzer.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/bank-of-the-planet2.jpg" width="400" /> </div>
Garbage. On average, each of us deposits over four pounds of garbage
every day in waste baskets around the house. That’s about 30 pounds of
garbage per person, per week. If we didn’t take the trash out, it would
soon fill up our houses and apartments. If garbage trucks didn’t haul it
away, it would soon fill up our yards, neighborhoods, cities. The
average infant soils 8,000 to 10,000 diapers before being potty trained.
On a national basis, that’s 570 diapers per second, 49 million diapers a
day, nearly 18 billion diapers thrown in the trash a year. We toss in
another 27 million tons of food waste, 7 million tons of clothing and
footwear, 9 million tons of furniture and furnishings. At work, we
produce a lot more garbage. It adds up. America has to find somewhere to
stash over 400 million tons of garbage a year.<br />
<br />
As cities, states, and countries run out of room for their garbage,
they look for places elsewhere on the planet to ship the stuff. New York
City, for example, sends garbage by rail to landfills in Virginia,
South Carolina, and other states. Garbage trains also run from Naples,
Italy to Hamburg, Germany. Honolulu ships garbage 2,500 miles across the
ocean from Hawaii to mainland destinations willing to dispose of it,
for a price. Of course, it’s harder to find willing recipients for
certain kinds of garbage, such as hazardous waste, which may be
corrosive, reactive, ignitable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic,
infectious, or radioactive. This garbage requires special handling and
disposal. Billions of tons of hazardous waste were improperly disposed
of before congress established management and liability laws in 1976 and
1980. Quite a bit has been disposed of improperly even after that
legislation. According to the EPA, there are 36,000 contaminated sites
across the U.S. that still have to be cleaned up, which means more
garbage to haul away and deposit some place.<br />
<br />
Not counted in the above tonnage is waste from nuclear reactors. The
U.S. must find a place to dispose of 2,200 tons of such radioactive
waste each year. About 32,000 tons of the stuff is piling up around
nuclear facilities, since there’s no place to send it. There’s more
stored at research facilities around the country, such as the Hanford
nuclear reservation in Washington state, which has 53 million gallons of
radioactive waste in huge tanks. Radioactive materials can be dangerous
for tens of thousands of years. Temporary storage is risky. One million
gallons of waste at Hanford have already leached into the soil. The
much-anticipated “permanent” resting place for America’s radioactive
waste was to have been Yucca Mountain, Nevada, but the license for that
project has been withdrawn by the government.<br />
<br />
Also not counted in the above totals for U.S. garbage per year are
waste products from chemical and petroleum industries and raw sewage
from humans and animals. Over 900 billion gallons of storm water mixed
with human sewage is discharged into U.S. waters yearly by systems
designed to overflow in wet weather, and an additional 3-10 billion
gallons of human waste accidentally escapes from other sewage treatment
facilities. Animal waste amounts to about a billion tons a year. Some
of that ends up contaminating fresh water supplies. Several E. coli
outbreaks have been traced to waste product-contaminated lettuce,
spinach, and other produce downstream from huge animal operations.<br />
So what can we do with all our garbage, when we can’t find places to
stash it on land? The answer for some has been to dump it into the
oceans.<br />
<br />
Estimates vary, but judging from the vast islands of garbage
floating in the Pacific and Atlantic, one patch said to be the size of
Texas, there are hundreds of millions of tons garbage out there, and
it’s growing every year. Of course, there’s a lot more garbage that gets
pumped into the oceans in liquid form, such as the millions of gallons
of oil from the failed Deepwater Horizon drilling rig in the Gulf of
Mexico, and untold millions, billions, of gallons of toxic chemicals we
wash down the drain, into streams and rivers, and out to sea.<br />
The biggest share of the world’s garbage comes from the U.S., whose 5
percent of the world population generates about 40 percent of its
garbage. But as other countries adopt American ways, their production of
garbage is catching up. China and India, with a combined 40 percent of
the world’s population, are particularly worrisome in this regard.<br />
<br />
I don’t often illustrate my posts with ads, but the one above is just
too appropriate to pass up. “From our planet’s point of view, there’s
no throwing garbage out. Because there is no ‘out.’” Those words,
together with the picture of a globe of garbage, aptly describe what has
become of our little planet, our little planet whose ever-growing,
ever-consuming population of humans is trashing it, our little Garbage
Planet.<br />
<br />
UPDATE: Trafigura, a London-based oil trading company that was
prosecuted for dumping toxic waste in Africa, has been fined $1.25
million, and one of its employees as well as the captain of the ship
that transported the waste Africa in 2006 were given suspended prison
sentences by a Dutch court. Reportedly, 30,000 Africans required medical
treatment following exposure to the waste. A Greenpeace spokesperson
quoted in the UK’s <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/23/trafigura-dutch-fine-waste-export" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><u>Guardian</u></a>
said, “This is a first step towards justice and a clear signal to other
companies that the illegal export of waste to Africa will not go
unpunished.” <br />
UPDATE2: An amendment by Senator Patty Murray (D-Wash) to continue
funding for the Yucca Mountain Nevada nuclear waste site was defeated.
According to <a href="http://globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100723_5125.php" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><u>NTI</u></a>,
this proposal by Senator Murray “put her at odds with Senate Majority
Leader Reid and President Obama, both of whom have pushed to close the
Yucca site.” Senator Reid represents the state of Nevada. Washington
state is the home of the Hanford site, with its millions of gallons of
nuclear waste. “Without a national repository Hanford and other nuclear
waste sites will be left in limbo,” Murray said.<br />
<br />
UPDATE3: Debris and radioactive particles have been washed into the
Pacific by tsunamis and thousands of tons of water poured on leaking
nuclear reactors, as a consequence of the the Japanese earthquake
disaster of 2011. Ocean currents will carry these materials around the
world, depositing them on beaches, collecting them in vast oceanic
garbage patches, and infiltrating bits of them into the food chain.<br />
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